68 British Diving Ducks 
Finland— Q\{\t?iy in the north, but also to the coasts of the Baltic, south to Viborg, 
but not commonly ; also L. Ladoga. 
Russia. — S. A. Buturlin says it breeds in the north and central parts of European 
Russia, Lake Onega, the Pinsk marshes of W. Russia, Archangel, the Lower Petschora, 
rarely on Novaya Zemlya, on the Kama and Middle Volga (Simbirsk Govt.), in 
Esthonia, in the Perm Govt, east of the Urals to 52° N. and 62° E., and on the moun- 
tain lakes of Transcaucasia (Gokcha and Tabiszkhuri) [quoted in Dresser's Eggs of B. of 
Europe, p. 578]. It also breeds in the Kola Peninsula (Pleske and H. F. Witherby). 
Taczanowski says it breeds in Podolia, but confirmation of this is required. [No proof 
of its having bred in Germany, though Naumann states that it occasionally bred in 
Prussia, and hoped to meet with it in Mecklenburg.] 
Asia. — S. A. Buturlin (quoted in Eggs of B. of Europe, p. 578) says it breeds in 
the Tj umen district, Tobolsk govt., and the lower Ob, but probably not further to the 
east. H. L. Popham found it, however, at the mouth of the Yenisei in lat. 69° {Ibis, 
1897, p. 1 01). The assertions in older works that its range extends east to the Pacific 
are due to confusion with O. [car bo] fuse a stejnegeri, which breeds in North- Eastern 
Asia. 
In North America the Nearctic form of the Velvet-Scoter, Oidemia velveti^^a (Cass.), 
only is to be found. It differs but slightly from the European bird, but as these 
differences are constant, it enables the two forms to be separated. In the American 
bird the feathering of the upper mandible extends further forward on both sides of the 
bill, and as Mr. Dresser has pointed out, especially so on the centre of the basal 
protuberance. The white patch, too, bordering the eye, is larger and further back. 
The American bird has also a slightly larger bill. 
Migration Range. 
British Isles. — Fairly numerous visitor to the eastern coasts of England and Scot- 
land, but local in its distribution. Not uncommon on the south coast of England. 
Along the western seaboard of Great Britain (including Wales) it is rare. In the 
Orkneys and Shetlands it is fairly common in winter. On the Outer Hebrides it is 
only a rare visitor, except to the Sound of Harris. A scarce visitor to Ireland, occurring 
chiefly on the north and east coasts. It is rare on the west coast, and has occurred a 
few times in the south. 
Iceland (not recorded). 
Fceroes. — One (H. W. Feilden, Zool, 1872, p. 3255). 
On the Continent (besides occurring off the British coasts) this species is found in winter 
in the North Sea (near to Tromso) and N. Atlantic, as well as the Baltic, in such numbers 
that it is needless to give references. It is common on the west coast of Jutland. 
For the southward limits, Iberian Peninsula, see Bolle,y. O., 1855, p. 315. Santander 
(Irby, Ibis, 1883, p. 189). Valencia, recorded by Vidal (L. H. Irby, Orn. Sir. Gib., p. 230). 
France. — Provence (Muller,y./". O., 1856, p. 232: Jaubert et B.-L., p. 524). 
Sardinia. — Salvadori,y./'. O., 1865, p. 326; Brooke, Ibis, 73, p. 345. 
Italy. — Venetia commonly, also Tuscany and Calabria (Giglioli, 2° Resoconto, p. 487). 
Balkan Peninsula. — [Greece, very rare (Kriiper), but winters in Cyclades (Erhard)]. 
