1 
I04 British Diving Ducks 
on the E. coast (H. Winge, Grdnlands Fugle, p. 113), Davis Straits (W.), and Labrador 
coast (H. Winge). Cf, also // O., 1908, p. 233. It also breeds on the N.E. coast of 
Greenland (Manniche, p. 106). Breeds across the whole of the wooded region from 
Newfoundland and Labrador to the Aleutian Isles ; breeds in British Columbia, but not 
very commonly (Macoun, Cat. Canadia^t Birds, 2nd. ed., p. 75). Breeds in Alaska (Dall, 
Nelson, &c.) ; also in Alberta (Dippie) and Manitoba (Raine). Breeds on Kuriles (Seebohm 
and Stejneger). Southern breeding limit in N. America about lat. 45°. Breeding in N.W. 
Canada (Keewatin, &c.) ; cf. Macfarlane in P. U.S.N. Mus. ; Aleutian Isles (E. W. Nelson, 
p. 66 ; Dall, p. 7). I have seen it in summer throughout Arctic Canada from Newfoundland 
to Alaska. ; 
Asia, — Across Siberia to the Pacific: R. Yenisei (Seebohm, June 10), &c., scarce 
(Popham, Ibis, pp. 97, loi, &c.). 
Migration Range. 
In the autumn and winter the majority of the Scottish Red-breasted Mergansers do 
not leave the north, but move in large numbers to the nearest salt-water estuaries, having a 
distinct preference for brackish waters. In the Orkneys, Shetlands,' and the Outer and 
Inner Hebrides they stay all the year round, keeping to the coast-line and moving into 
fresh and brackish waters at certain hours of the day. On the western side of Scotland they 
frequent sheltered bays and sea lochs from Sutherland to Bute, and are abundant locally ; 
whilst on the eastern coasts of Scotland they are principally found in the estuaries of the 
Little Ferry (Sutherland), the Dornoch Firth, the brackish coast lakes of Aberdeen, 
and the Tay and Eden estuaries. South of this they seem to be scarce. At intervals all 
along the east and south coasts of England they are occasional autumn and winter 
visitors, generally females and young birds ; whilst to the Channel Isles they are regular 
winter visitors. 
On the west coast of England it is a regular winter visitor, especially to Wales and 
Cumberland. 
In Ireland it frequents all the large estuaries and lakes, sometimes in considerable 
numbers. 
A few spend the winter in Iceland, especially in the south ; but most birds leave for 
the south in October or November. 
In continental Europe it ranges through the coasts, and to some extent also the rivers, 
of Europe south to the Mediterranean Region. 
Spain. — Santander (Irby, Ibis, 1883); Valencia (Saunders, Ibis, 71, p. 397); Gibraltar 
(Irby, Orn. Str. Gib., p. 231). 
Sardinia. — Common (Brooke, Ibis, 73, p. 345). 
Corsica. — A few records (Jourdain, Ibis, 19 12, p. 82). 
Italy. — On passage and winters ; common Venetia and N. provinces ; rarer S. (Arrigoni, 
Manuale, p. 769). Sicily : frequent (J. Whitaker, B. of Tunisia, ii. p. 223) ; irregular in 
appearance (Arrigoni, p. 769). 
Malta. — Irregular (C. A. Wright, Ibis, 64, p. 1 56). 
Herzegovina (Kadich, p. 98). 
^ Abundant in the Shetlands in winter, but I have seen few there in summer. 
