114 British Diving Ducks 
with white central feathers and black upper parts ; lesser wing-coverts black, with white 
lower halves ; long feathers of the secondaries white, with broad black margins ; upper 
part of wings brownish-grey ; irides golden-yellow ; bill bluish-black ; feet and legs deep 
red. Length, i6 to 17 inches ; wing, 7.50 inches ; tarsus, 1.20 inch. 
Im^nature Female. — Similar to adult female with all the colours more subdued, and 
very small crest of pale brown ; worn tail. The young female gets her adult plumage at 17 
months. 
Adult Female. — Smaller than the male. Chin white ; head and neck ash-brown ; crest 
less abundant than the male, and reddish-brown ; dark ash-brown above and white below ; 
flanks grey-brown ; wings browner without so much black as the male ; long secondaries 
shorter, and brown with less white ; feet and legs as in the male, only not so rich in colour ; 
bill black, with yellowish edge. Length, 16 inches. 
Breeding Range. 
North America. — Widely distributed over the dominion of Canada; probably most 
abundant in N. Manitoba and near mouth of Saskatchewan. Common summer resident 
in the Rockies ; young seen at Waterton Lake (lat. 49°) in 1895 and in 1897 Crow-nest 
Pass, 30 miles farther north. Also breeds at Great Slave Lake, Central Keewatin, and 
Central Ungava, and Newfoundland. It nests in British Columbia where it is common ; 
in Ontario, and north to Hudson's Bay, (For details see Macoun, Cat. Canadian Birds, 
2nd ed. pp. 76-7). Eggs from New Brunswick (River St, Croix) in B. M. Coll. {Cat. 
Eggs B. M., vol, ii. p, 196), 
United States. — Oregon and Washington territories, and south to Ohio, Indiana, 
Kentucky, and S. Carolina (H. E, Dresser), Also south to Oregon, New Mexico, Louisiana, 
and Florida (last ed., A. O. U. Check List). 
Florida. — W. E. D. Scott, Auk, ix. (1892), p. 211; N, Dakota, E. Comqs, Expl. of 
^c)th Parallel, p. 654; S.E. Dakota (Auk, 1885, p. 288); Oregon (J. C. Merrill, Auk, 1888, 
p. 141). It does not breed in Alaska. 
Migration Range. 
British Isles. — Four well-authenticated occurrences ; male, Menai Straits, N. Wales, 
1830-31. T. C. Eyton, Hist, of Rarer Brit. Birds, p. 75. A pair in Cork Harbour, 
December 1878. Sir R. Payne-Gallwey, Fowler in Ireland, p. 121. One (female) on north 
coast of Kerry in January 1881. Sir R, Payne-Gallwey {ibid). 
I possess a fine adult male which was enclosed in a case of local birds shot by a farmer 
named Moloney in Tralee Harbour in the winter of 1880. I was unable to obtain any other 
information from the farmer's wife (Moloney himself having died) beyond the fact that all 
the birds were shot locally by her husband. I think the specimen was probably quite 
genuine (see Birds of Ireland, p. 222). 
Others are said to have been killed at Dingle Bay, Kerry, about 1840 (specimen not 
forthcoming) ; in co. Meath, testeWdXttrs (ditto) ; and near Sligo 1880-81 (ditto). Also said 
to have been obtained in winter 1837-38 in Norfolk. (See Birds of Norfolk, iii. p. 228.) 
List of thirteen supposed occurrences in Dresser. Supplement to Birds of Europe, ix, p, 
296, quoting J. J, Dalgleish, Auk, 1880, p. 217, 
