C ^70 ) 
; Afterwards when he comes to Phyfck$^ our Author 
obferves that there are feveral Inftruments and Arts, 
which are necedary Tools to a good Philofopher, that 
have been either invented, or very much improved by 
Moderns, for want of which it was impofllble for the 
Ancients to underftand Nature fo well as it has fince 
been uoderftood. Among Inftruments wholly Mcxlcrn 
he reckons, (i.) Pr/?/ri;?g, which is ufeful to all Learned 
Men alike, (^i.^ Erigraving upon Wood artJ Copper ^ 
which is peculiarly afelul to all Writers of Natural Hi- 
ftory and Mathematicks. ( 3.) Telejcopes^ firft inven- 
Wd by Zacharm Joannides^ a Spedlacle-Maker of Mid- 
dlehurgh about the Year ijpo, whereby the Heavens 
have become more acceffible to Modern Aftrcnoraers 
than they were to the x^ncients. (4.) MkrofcopeSy the 
Invention of the (ame Joannides, of infinite ufe in dif- 
covering the Texture of Minute Bodies. (5-.) Baro- 
fcopes^ by which the Comparative Gravitation of Ai)r 
upon Terreftrial Bodies may be found our. (^^. ) Ther- 
momeiers to adjuft the variations of Heat and Cold. 
(7.) Air^Pumps^ very ufeful in difcovering many hid- 
den Properties of the Air. (8.) Pendulum Clocks^ ne- 
cellary for Aftronomers in Meafuring fmall Subdivifions 
of Time, when they make their Obfervations. (Chap.i^.) 
Amongft Preliminary Arts he reckons Chymijlry and 
Anatomy : By Chymtjiry he underftands the Art of Se- 
parating Bodies by Fire ; and he obferves that though 
the Ancients could refioe Metals from their Drofs tp a 
good degree, yet for want of Aqua Fortis they could 
not part them from one another fo well as they can at 
prefent. He fays, Chymiftry, properly fo called,^ is 
moftly owing to the ^r^a^j, and ihat tht Greeks knew 
fcarce any thing at all of it ; but yet that the uft of Chy- 
mical Preparations in Phyfick is almoft entirely owifig 
to the Phyficians of this and the laft Age, fince the Ti^e 
of Paracelfus. {Ch^p. 16.) 
Of 
