Index 
Insulin {continued) 
receptor studies, 390 
Insulin-like growth factors, evolution of, 390 
Insulin-responsive DNA-binding protein (IRP-A), 7-8 
Insulin-responsive element A (IRE-A), 7-8 
Insulinotropic peptides, gene expression, / 76 
int-1 gene, embryonic mouse development, 63-64 
int-2 gene, embryonic mouse development, 63-64 
INT-1 oncogene, limb development genetics, 79-80 
Integrase, structure, 53-54 
Integration, retroviral replication, 53-54 
Integrin 
cell adhesion and, 195-196 
neuron development, 335-336 
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, 197-198 
Intercellular communication, signal transduction, J23 
Interferon-7 
cytokine regulation of effector functions, 513-514 
immunodeficiency and, 325-326 
InterIeukin-1 (IL-1 ) 
B cell development, 379-380 
immune response and, xlvi-xlvii 
inflammatory cytokines, 73-74 
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), 73-74 
Interleukin-7 (IL-7), 84 
lnterleukin-10 (IL-10), 513-514 
Interleukins 
as host defense in cancer, 248 
lymphocyte activation and, 109-110 
Intermediate filaments, cytoskeleton structure, xxxv 
Intermediate voltage electron microscopy (IVEM) 
tomography, 3-4 
International Research Scholars Program, xix, 481 
Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-I), 26 
Intracellular microorganisms 
cytotoxic T cells, 38 
molecular genetics, 197-198 
Intracellular parasitism, microbial pathogenesis, 493-494 
Intracellular signals, molecular engineering, 428 
Intracellular transpon 
proteins, 353-354 
viral structure and replication, 245-246 
Introns, structure, .v.r.v 
Invariant chains, antigen processing, 94 
Invasin, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, 197-198 
Ion channels 
function, Iv, Iviii 
leukocyte homeostasis, 497-498 
mechanical activation, 87-88 
molecular mechanisms, 5-6, 463-464 
nerve cell electrical activity, 1-2 
proteins, functional mechanisms, 281-282 
scorpion toxin receptor genes, 519-520 
second messenger control, 373-374 
sperm physiology, 491-492 
synaptic transmission, 191-192 
viral structure and replication, 245-246 
Islet amyloid polypeptide (LAPP) (amylin) 
biosynthesis, 390 
molecular genetics of diabetes and, 27-28 
Islets of Langerhans, insulin production, 389-390 
Junk DNA, xxx 
K locus, signal transduction in B cells, 159-160 
Keratin, gene expression, 146-148 
Keratinocyte-stimulating factor (KRF-1), 242 
Kidney 
cell growth and differentiation, 407-408 
hereditary disease in, 333-334 
Kinase, See Protein kinases 
Kinetics, T cell recognition, 101-102 
Kinetoplast DNA, rr)'/)««osowe genomes, 377-378 
"knocked-out" genes, 265-266 
kreisler genes, 19-20 
l( 1 Jcorkscrew gene, signal transduction, 323 
l( 1 )pole hole gene, signal transduction, 323 
labial gene, morphogenesis, 224 
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inflammatory cytokines, 
73-74 
Lactotropes, prolactin secretion, 489-490 
lacZ gene, anterior-posterior patterning, 526 
Lamina neurons, visual systems, 398 
Lamins, eukaryotic chromosomes, 362 
Large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs), 105-106 
Laron syndrome, gene mapping, 142 
Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), 283-284 
a-Latrotoxin, neuronal secretory pathways, 405-406 
Lectins, carbohydrate ligands and, 40 
Legionella pneumophila, molecular genetics, 197-198 
Leishmaniasis 
immune evasion and, 115-116 
kinetoplast genome targeting, 3 78 
Leprosy 
genetic control of, 202 
immunity and pathogenesis, 47-48 
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 69 
Leucine zipper proteins 
growth factors, 289-290 
MyoD gene activation, 433-434 
protein folding, 225-226 
structural biology, 58 
Leukemia 
immune system and, liv 
lymphocyte development, 231-232 
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), 31-32 
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), genetic disease and, 26 
Leukocytes 
genetic disease and, 26 
ionic homeostasis, 497-498 
Light-chain segments, gene sequences and, li 
Linkage analysis, gene mapping and, 81-82 
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), 243-244 
Listeria monocytogenes, cytotoxic T cells, 38 
Liver, molecular biology, 411-412 
Liver regeneration factor (LRF-1), 412 
Long terminal repeat (LTR) 
developmental genetics and, 20 
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 325-326 
Long-term potentiation, mammalian memory, 423-424, 425 
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 449-451 
Lowe's syndrome, molecular genetics, 295-296 
LRP transmembrane phosphatase, 413-414 
Luciferase reporter mycobacteriophages (LRMs), 200-202 
Luteinizing hormone (LH), gene mapping, 142 
Lyme disease, immune tolerance, 136-138 
Lymphocyte function antigen 1 (LFA-1), 102 
Lymphocyte receptors, immune response, xlvi 
Lymphocytes 
activation mechanisms, 109-110 
development 
antibody genes, 9-10 
gene expression, 381-382 
life cycle, 437-438 
molecular regulation, 415-416 
normal and abnormal growth regulation, 452-454 
signal transduction, 321-322 
Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1), 174 
Lymphoid-specific regulation, 173-174 
Lymphoma 
immune system and, liv 
molecular genetics, 231-232 
Lysosomal hydrolase, sorting, 121-122 
Lysosome structure, xxxi> 
a-Lytic protease, chromosome structure, 3-4 
540 
