Index 
blood cell formation, 446 
lymphocyte growth regulation, 452-454 
Sex combs reduced gene, 223-224 
Sex determination, X and Y chromosomes and, 312-314 
Sex pheromones, chemical communication, 257-258 
Sexual dimorphism, IRE-A DNA-binding protein, 8 
SH2 proteins, signal transduction, 517-518 
Shaker gene 
ion channels, molecular mechanisms, 5-6 
neuronal excitability, 205-206 
Shiga toxins, protein crystallography, 521-522 
Shock, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and, 35-36 
Sialyl-Lewis X determinant, carbohydrate ligands and, 40 
Sickle cell anemia, prenatal diagnosis, 217-218 
Signal recognition factor (SRF), protein translocons and, 
45-46 
Signal recognition particle (SRP) 
antigen processing, 93-94 
protein translocons and, 45-46 
translational regulation, 455 
Signal transduction 
Bcell pathways, 159-160 
CD4 and CDS molecules, 181-182 
colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 1 receptor (CSF-IR), 370 
Drosophila melanogaster, 323 
epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, 103-104 
IRE-A DNA-binding protein, 8 
lymphocytes, molecular basis for, 321-322 
microbial pathogenesis, 493-494 
olfaction and, 331-332 
ion channel regulation, 373-374 
phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions, 
517-518 
transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors, 347 
visual system, 193-194 
development, 341-342 
Signaling systems, neural development, 208 
Simian virus 40 (SV40) 
macromolecular assembly, 178 
T antigen, immune tolerance, 138 
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) 
diabetes and, 144 
genetic basis of hearing loss and, 1 19- 120 
Site-directed mutagenesis, 214 
situs inversus, gene therapy and, 308 
Skin, keratin expression, 146-148 
Small eye (Sey) gene, 270 
Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) 
gene expression, 391-392 
post-transcriptional regulation, 117-118 
RNA processing and behavior, 337-338 
Smell. See Olfaction 
Sodium channel 
lactotropes, 489-490 
molecular mechanisms, 5-6 
nerve cell electrical activity, 1-2 
scorpion toxin receptor genes, 519-520 
Somatic gene therapy 
blood cell formation, 446 
genetic disease and, 449-451 
metabolic disorders, 457-458 
Somatic-motor cortices, representation-transformation, 
523-524 
Somatostatin 
gene expression, 175 
molecular genetics of diabetes and, 27-28 
Spectrin, membrane skeleton proteins, 33-34 
S-peptide mutants, structural biology, 58 
Sperm physiology, ion channels, 491-492 
Spermatozoa, second messengers and cell regulation, 
151-152 
Spherocytosis, hemoglobin synthesis, 218 
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), 233-234 
Spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV), 486 
Split genes, RNA editing and, 378 
src gene family, 235-236 
protein-tyrosine phosphatases, 413-414 
SRY genes 
insulin-responsive element A (IRE-A), 8 
X and Y chromosomes, 312-314 
Steel gene 
blood cell formation, 445-446 
lymphocyte growth regulation, 454 
normal and leukemic hematopoiesis, 485-486 
rotavirus diarrhea, 484 
Stem-loop structures, mRNA decoding, 156 
Steroid hormones 
gene expression in, 317-318 
receptor genetics, 125-127 
Stiff-man syndrome, diabetes and, 106 
Stress tolerance, heat-shock proteins (HSPs), 261-262 
Structural biology, research programs in, Ixi-lxiii 
Structure-function studies 
calcium channels, 409 
egg cells, 385-386 
energy-transducing membrane proteins, 213-214 
neuronal excitability, 205-206 
T cell receptor, 435-436 
visual pigments, 291-292 
Substance P, molecular neuroimmunology, 319-320 
Substrate specificity, chromosome structure, 3-4 
Sucrose 6-phosphate synthase (SPS) , 504 
Superantigen 
T cell function in health and disease and, 273-274 
T cell repertoire, 221-222 
Superfragment cloning, tumor-suppressor genes, 131 
Surface membranes, cell structure and, xxxvi 
SV40. See Simian virus 40 
"Switch kinases," tyrosine phosphorylation, 56 
Sympathetic neurons, cell fate control, 11-12 
Synapse-like microvesicles (SLMVs), 105-106 
Synapses, function, Iv-lvii 
Synaptic plasticity, 219-220 
Synaptic potential, Iv 
Synaptic transmission 
development and function, 355-356 
molecular mechanisms, 191-192 
Synaptic vesicles (SVs) 
neuromodulation, caffeine consumption, 401-402 
neuronal secretory pathways, 405-406 
traffic in neurons and endocrine cells, 105-106 
Synchrotron x-ray sources, Ixi 
Synthetase-tRNA complex, protein-RNA interaction, 
393-395 
Synthetic peptides, scorpion toxin receptor genes, 519-520 
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 391-392 
T cell receptor (TCR) 
antigen receptors, 101-102 
lymphocyte activation, 413-414 
molecule studies, 351-352 
immune system development and, 138 
/3 diversity, 83-84 
mammalian memory, 423-424 
structure-function studies, 435-436 
superantigens and, 221-222 
suppression, leprosy and tuberculosis immunity and 
pathogenesis, 47-48 
T cell receptor a enhancer 
gene expression and, 175, 255-256 
IRE-A DNA-binding protein, 8 
lymphocyte development and neoplasia, 231-232 
molecular structure, 41 
V/3 portions, 221-222 
T cell-specific DNA-binding protein, 175 
545 
