EFFECTS OF EMASCULATION. 
193 
The dam however was furnished with very formidable ones, 
which we lifted up (for they fold down when not used) and cut 
them off with the point of our scissars. 
There was httle room to suppose that this brood had ever been 
in the open air before ; and that they were taken in for refuge, 
at the mouth of the dam, when she perceived that danger was 
approaching ; because then probably we should have found them 
somewhere in the neck, and not in the abdomen. 
LETTER XXXII. To the Hon. DAINES BARRINGTON. 
Castration has a strange effect : it emasculates both man, 
beast, and bird, and brings them to a near resemblance of the 
other s-ex. Thus eunuchs have smooth unmuscular arms, thighs, 
and legs ; and broad hips, and beardless chins, and squeaking 
voices. Gelt-stags and bucks have hornless heads, like hinds 
and does. Thus wethers have small horns, like ewes ; and oxen 
large bent horns, and hoarse voices when they low, like cows : 
for bulls have short straight horns ; and though they mutter and 
grumble in a deep tremendous tone, yet they low in a shrill high 
key. Capons have small combs and gills, and look pallid about 
the head, like pullets ; they also walk without any parade, and 
Boar. 
hover chickens like hens. Barrow-hogs have also small tusks 
like sows.* 
its enemy's chief aim is at the back of its neck. On the same principle, we observe thrushes and 
the other larger dentirostral birds, which feed readily on bees and wasps, invariably compress the 
venom out of the abdomen of the insect before swallowing it. — En. 
* An emasculate lion in the Surrey Zoological Gardens is thus as maneless as an ordinary 
female. — Ed. 
O 
