66 NATURAL HISTORY OF SELBORNE. 
The next bird that I procured (on the 
red-backed butcher bird, lanius col- 
lurio. My neighbour, who shot it, 
says that it might easily have escaped 
his notice, had not the outcries and 
chattering of the white-throats and 
other small birds drawn his attention 
to the bush where it was : its craw 
was filled with the legs and wings of 
beetles.* 
shrill and peculiar whistle," which latter has g;iven rise to its other common provincial epithet — 
tuilly wicket. There is an excellent account of this bird in Mr. Selby's British Ornithology, an 
indispensable work in the library of every British naturalist, though unfortunately too much dis- 
torted bv deceptive a«d misleading theory. — Ed. 
* lam rather surprised that Mr. White was not familiar with this species, as it abounds in 
many parts ©f Surrey, Kent, and Sussex, where it is commonly called " Jack Baker,^' and is well 
known to all persons who take an interest in natural history. It arrives rather late in the season, 
and both sexes, I think about the same time, which is contrary to the usual habit of migratory 
birds ; some seasons they are much more plentiful than others. They are found generally about 
tall and thick maple or hawthorn-hedges, 'wherein they breed ; and may be commonly seen 
perched on one of the highest twigs, or, like fly-catchers, upon the bare branch of some tree 
growiag out of the hedge, or sitting upon a post or paling, always in a conspicuous situation, 
where their vision can extend over a considerable range, and whence they often dart after the 
larger passing insects, or upon any small quadruped or bird that lucklessly comes within the 
sphere of their downward leaping flight ; or they slowlj' hover along the hedges, often remaining 
a long time suspended over a particular spot, and then, perhaps, advancing a few yards, and 
again remaining fixed in the air, and, when at length they do settle, not unfrequently hovering 
for some time around the branch on which they are about to alight. When sitting watchfully 
upon a bough they often jerk the tail, another habit in accordance with the fly-catchers, to which 
they are considerably allied. They subsist chiefly on beetles and humble-bees, and render 
essential service in the spring by devouring great numbers of the large female viasps, destroying 
what would otherwise b<!eome the founders of colonies of these troublesome and destmictive in- 
sects ; I have taken four or five from the stomach of a single bird. Chaffers they seize with the 
bill, and then, flying to a perch, transfer them to the foot, holding them up in one foot like a parrot 
while they pick them to pieces. When satiated, they eat only the abdomen, and impale the still 
living body upon a thorn, a habit common to all the genus. They prey also occasionally on 
small birds, lizards, mice, and shrews, and I have known several instances of their being taken 
in the nets of bird-catchers, when endeavouring to seize upon the brace-birds. They do not (like 
the L. excubitor) attack a bird upon the wing, but pounce down upon those which happen to be 
on the ground, or upon a branch beneath, in the latter case bearing down their prey to the 
ground, seizing it with both bill and claws, and expanding over it the wings and tail in precisely 
the manner of a hawk, then dispatching it not by strangulation, but by biting and compress- 
ing the head, and picking a hole in the skull. It is then carried in the beak to the horizontal 
bough of a tree, where the shrike places one foot upon its victim, and never leaves it, I believe, 
when undisturbed, till it is all finished. This species is almost sure to betray the site of its 
nest by its perpetual clamour, constantly reiterating the sound chack when any one is near the 
place, so that in populous neighbourhoods very few escape the ken of bird's-nesting boj's. The 
young will attack and kill another bird even before they have cast their first feathers ; but are rather 
social among themselves, and with their parents, and in July and August are very apt to excite 
attention by the clatter they make on the hedges, which may be heard at a considerable distance ; 
they then subsist almost wholl}' upon winged grasshoppers, which are captured in the manner 
of a fly-catcher, with a loud snap of the bill. They have no natural song, save a few unmusical 
chirps, but are said occasionally to imitate the notes of other birds, which in confinement they 
do with facility. 
Theredbacked shrike is a double moulting bird: the young: are at first closely barred upon the 
upper parts with a darker colour, each feather exhibiting two transverse bars. This plumage is 
21st of May) was a male 
