148 NATURAL HISTORY OF SELBORNE. 
in defence of those chickens, which in a few weeks she will drive 
before her with relentless cruelty. 
This affection sublimes the passions, quickens the invention, 
and sharpens the sagacity of the brute creation. Thus a hen, 
just become a mother, is no longer that placid bird she used to 
be, but with feathers standing an end, wings hovering, and 
clocking note, she runs about like one possessed. Dams will 
throw themselves in the way of the greatest danger in order to 
avert it from their progeny. Thus a partridge will tumble along 
before a sportsman in order to draw away the dogs from her 
helpless covey. In the time of nidification the most feeble birds 
will assault the most rapacious. All the hirundines of a village 
are up in arms at the sight of a hawk, whom they will perse- 
cute till he leaves that district. A very exact observer has often 
remarked that a pair of ravens nesting in the rock of Gibraltar 
would suffer no vulture or eagle to rest near their station, but 
would drive them from the hill with an amazing fury : even the 
blue thrush at the season of breeding would dart out from the 
clefts of the rocks to chase away the kestril, or the sparrow- 
hawk. If you stand near the nest of a bird that has young, she 
will not be induced to betray them by an inadvertent fondness, 
but will wait about at a distance with meat in her mouth for an 
hour together. 
Should I further corroborate what I have advanced above by 
some anecdotes which I probably may have mentioned before in 
conversation, yet you will, I trust, pardon the repetition for the 
sake of the illustration. 
The flycatcher of the zoology (the stoparola of Ray), builds 
every year in the vines that grow on the walls of my house. A 
pair of these little birds had one year inadvertently placed their 
nest on a naked bough, perhaps in a shady time, not being aware 
of the inconvenience that followed. But a hot sunny season 
coming on before the brood was half fledged, the reflection of 
the wall became insupportable, and must inevitably have de- 
stroyed the tender young, had not affection suggested an expe- 
dient, and prompted the parent-birds to hover over the nest all 
the hotter hours, while with wings expanded, and mouths gaping 
for breath, they screened off the heat from their suffering off- 
spring.* 
* A similar instance is mentioned m the third series of Mr Jesse's "Gleanings in Natural 
Historj'/' A beautiful foreign finch, that had paired in confinement with a domestic Canarj, 
