ZOOLOGY — MAMMALS. 
79 
to the Dalles, and the smaller streams almost to their heads, probahly in pursuit of salmon. 
As they always sink, when shot in deep water, I never obtained a specimen. Many are killed 
by the settlers for their oil, and the Indians sometimes have a hunt for them, killing them 
while asleep on sand bars in the bays, but I never was present on ooe of these occasions in time 
to secure a skin, as they roast the animal with its skin on. 
SCIURUS RICHARDSONII, Bach. 
Richardson's Squirrel. 
Sciiirus richardsonii, Bachman, Pr. Zoo]. Soc. Lond. VI, 1838, 100. 
AuD. & Bach. N. Am. Qu.ad. I, 181!), 41. 
Baird, Gen. Rep. Mammals, 1857, 273. 
Sp. Cii. — Size larger tnan the Hudson's Bay squirrel. Ears with long hairs, presenting the appearance of tufts. Tail 
shor'.er than the body. Under surface of feet hairy from heel to metatarsals ; then nearly naked. Above, reddisli brown, 
varied will) annulations of black, lighter on tlic sides ; beneath, dull white ; a dark line separating colors of sides from belly. 
Tail bushy, sub-cylindrical, dark reddish brown in the centre, entirely of a pure glossy black at tip. The hairs all long and 
coarse. Hairs on the tail generally, (except at tip,) glossy black beyond the rufous portion, and more or less tipped with paler 
rusty. 
One specimen of this species (No. 10) was obtained on the Spokane river, October 30, 1853. 
SCIURUS DOUGLASSil, Bach. 
Oregon Red Squirrel. 
Sciurus dovglassii, (" Gray,")' Baciiman, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond. VI, 1838, 99. 
('• Bach.") Aud. & Bach. N. Am. Quad. I, 1849, 370 ; pi. xlviii. 
Baird, Gen. Rep. Mammals, 1857, 275. 
Sciuruihelclm-i, 3. E. Gray, Ann. & Mag. N. H X, 1842, 2G3 .—Ib. Zoology of the Sulphur, 1844, 33 ; pi. xii, 
fio-. 2. 
Sclwus sxickleyi, Baird, Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. Vll, April, 1855, 333. 
Size that of Sciurus hudsonius, or a little larger. Ears well tufled ; tail shorter than the body, scarcely flattened. Soles 
naked in the centre. Above dull rusty, and black, mixed : the latter quite predominant ; benealli, clear bright bulF, without 
mixture of dark or annulated hairs. A dark stripe on the sides. Tail dull chestnut centrally, darker above ; then black and 
margined all round with rusty white. Hairs at tip of tail entirely black, except at their extremity. 
More northern specimens in winter have the soles densely hairy to the toes, the fur much fuller and softer, the under parts 
with dusky annulations, the general hue grayer. Size about that of S. hudsonius, or a little larger. Head short, broad. 
Whiskers longer tlian the Ixs.id ; black. Thumb, a mere callosity ; fingers well developed, the central two longest, and nearly 
eijual ; the inner rather longer than the outer ; claws large, compressed, and much curved ; palms naked. On the hind feet the 
inner toe is shortest, reicliing only to the base of the claw of the outer, which cmies next in size ; the fourth is longest, the 
thir l and second little shorter. Claws all large and much curved. In summer the soles are r.aked, except along the edges and 
the extreme heel ; in other wotds, tlieie is a narrovi' central line of nuked skin from near the heel ; they are more liairy in 
winter. The ears are moderate, with short close hairs on their concavity ; the back of the ear is covered with long hairs, those 
near the upper margin 1 ngest, and projecting beyond nearly five lines in some specimens ; these tufts are nearly black. The 
tail is small, shorter than the body, moderately flattened ; the hairs rather short, and, as on the rest of the body, coarse 
and stiff. 
The little Pine Squirrel I found quite abundant in all the wooded parts of the Territory on 
both sides of the Cascade mountains, and obtained specimens from very distant localities which 
seemed to agree closely in habits, cries, and colors. They have the same loud and petulant 
chatter as the eastern species, and descend, fearlessly, to within a few feet of every intruder, 
scolding and showing their anger in various ways. In the mild climate, west of the Cascade 
mountains, they do not hybernate, but as they are found also on the summits of these moun- 
tains, they probably there retire for winter, to hollow trees, and live on their hoarded stock of 
provisions. 
In summer they inhabit nests of leaves and sticks built among branches and vines. They 
do not seem to be troublesome to the farmer, as they live on the pine nuts, acorns and hazel 
nuts abundant in the woods. Probably if Indian corn was a common crop they would not be 
long in discovering its valuable properties. 
