192 
ZOOLOGY. 
white more anteriorly ; outer web of primaries similarly spotted with pale brownish white. An indistinct pale line over the 
eye. Length, about 4. 50 inches ; extent, 5. 25 ; wing, 1. 66 ; tail, 1. 26. Iris, brown ; feet, brownish yellow. 
Ilah. — North America generally. 
The winter wren is probably the most common species in the forests of the Territory, and 
frequents even the densest parts of them, where its lively song is almost the only sound to be 
heard. It is most commonly seen in winter as it retires in summer to the mountains to breed. 
I observed young birds on the Coast mountains in July, but have never seen its nest. — C. 
The little winter wren is found at Fort Steilacoom more abundantly in winter than any other 
species. It is very unsuspicious, allowing a near approach. A specimen obtained near Fort 
Steilacoom, in January, 1854, was shot in a dense fir forest, where, among fallen logs, &c., it 
made its home. I have frequently seen birds of this species in similar situations during the 
long, dreary, damp, Oregon winter, and fancy that they are in the habit of retiring to these 
solitudes to await the coming of the bright days of spring, when they emerge, and, in company 
with the T. Bewickii, are frequently found among the more open thickets. Individuals are, 
however, found throughout winter in the more open situations. 
The species parhnanni & hjemalis are certainly much alike in habits, affecting the same 
situation, and having much the same general characteristics. 
A bird of this species, apparently in good condition, killed in December, 1853, at Fort Steila- 
coom, weighed exactly two drachms. — S. 
Family C E R T H I A D A E .— T h e Creepers. 
CERTHIA AMERICANA, Bo nap. 
American Creeper, 
Certhia americana, Bonap. Consp. List, 1838. — Reich. Handb. I, 1851, 265; pi. dcxv, fig. 4102, 3. — Baibd, Gen. 
Hep. Birds, p. 372. 
Certhia familiaris, Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept. II. 1807, 70. — Wilson, Am. Orn. I, 1808, 122 ; pi. viii. — Aud. Orn. 
Biog. V, 1839, 158 ; pi. 415 — Ib Syn. 1839, 73.— Ib. Birds Amer. II, 1841, 109 ; pi. 115. 
? Certhia mexicana, "Glogbe, Handbuch," Reichenbach, Handbuch Spec. Orn. I, 1851, 265 ; pi. dlxii, fig. 3841, 
2.— Ib. Sclater, Pr. Zool. Soc. 1856, 290. 
Sp. Ch. — Bill about the length of the head. Above dark brown, with a slightly rufous shade, each feather streaked 
centrally but not abruptly with whitish ; rump rusty. Beneath almost silky white ; the under tail coverts with a faint rusty 
tinge. A white streak over the eye ; the ear coverts streaked with whitish. Tail feathers brown centrally, the edges paler 
yellowish brown. Wings with a transverse bar of pale reddish white across both webs. 
Length, 5. 50 ; wmg, 2. 60 ; tail, 2. 90. (No. 827.) 
Ilab. — North America generally. 
The brown creeper is abundant in the forests, but difficult to see from its similarity in color 
to the bark along which it creeps. It appears to reside constantly in the Territory. — C. 
I have obtained several specimens of the American creeper in the oak groves in the vicinity 
of Port Steilacoom. In habits the Oregon bird resembles that of the Atlantic States. — S. 
SITTA CANADENSIS, Linn. 
Red-lbellied Nuthatch. 
Sitta canadensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 177.— Ntjttall, Man. I, 1832, 583.— Aud. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 24; V, 
474; pi. 108.— Ib. Birds Amer. IV, 179; pi. 248.— Bon. Consp. 1850, 227.— Baied, Gen. Eep. 
Birds, p. 376. 
