258 
ZOOLOGY, 
Sub-Family FULIGULINAE The Sea-Ducks. 
FULIX MARILA, ( L i ii u , ) B a i r d . 
i Big Black-head ; Scaup Diick ; Brontlliill. ' 
Anas mania, L]xx. Syst. Nat. I, 17C6, 196 —Gm. I, 1788, 509.— Wilson, Am. Cm. YIII, 1814, 84 ; pi Ixix. 
Fulifjula maiila, Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool. Birds XII, ii, 1824, 198. — Bon. list, 1838. — Aud. Birds Am. VII, 1843, 
355 ; pi. 498.— GiEAUD, Birds L. Island, 1844, 321. {marila.) 
AyUiya marila, Bos. List, Birds Europe, 1842. 
Fulix marila, Baibd, Gen. Ecp. Birds, 791. 
Sp. Cii. — Head and neck all round, jugulum and shoulders, lower part of back, tail, and cOYerts black ; the head with a 
gloss of dark green on the sides. Eest of under parts white ; feathers on the lower part of belly and on the sides, the long 
feathers of the flanks, the interscapuliim, and the scapulars, white, waved in zigzag transversely with black. Greater and 
middle wing coverts similarly marked, but more finely and obscurely. Greater coverts towards the tip, and the tertials> 
greenish black ; the speculum is white, bordered behind by greenish black ; the white extending across the whole central 
portii n of the secondaries. Outer primaries and tips of all brownish black ; iimer ones pale gray ; the central line dusky. 
Axillars and middle of the inferior surface of the wing white. Bill blue black. Legs plumbeous. 
Female with the head brown ; the region all round the base of the bill white ; the undulations of black and white on the 
feathers wanting, or but faintly indicated above. Length, 20 ; wing, 9 ; tarsus, 1. 58 ; commissure, 2. 16. 
Hah. — Whole of North America and Europe. 
The scaup duck is abundant all along the north Pacific coast during the cold months. Several 
specimens Avere obtained at Fort Steilacoom. — S. 
The scaup duck is a winter species, associating with the golden eye, and others, in creeks and 
bays, from October till xipril. — C. 
AYTHYA VALLISNERIA, (Wilson, ) Bon ap. 
Canvas-lbaclt. 
Anas valUsneria, Wilson, Am. Orn. VIII, 1814, 103; pi. Ixx. 
Fuligtila vallimeria, Stepbeks, XII, 1824, 19G.— Sw. F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 451.— Nuttall, Man. II, 430. 
Ayihya valUsneria, Bon. List, 1838.— Newberry, Eep. P. K. E. VI, iv, 1857, 103. — Baird, Gen. Eep. Birds, 794. 
Fuligiila vallisnerianu, Ava Orn. Biog. IV, 1838, 1 ; pl. 301.— Ib. Syn. 1839.— Ib. Birds. Amer. VI, 1843, 299 ; 
pi. 395. 
Sp. Ch. — Bill long, slender, and tapering. Head all round and neck chestnut ; the top of the head and region around the 
base of the bill dusky brown. Eest of neck, body anterior to the shoulders, back behind, rump and tail coverts, black. 
Under parts white ; the region anterior to the anus, the sides, the interscapulars and scapulars, white, finely dotted in 
transverse line with black, the white greatly predominating. Speculum bluish gray, lighter externally ; the innermost 
secondaries of the speculum edged externally with black. 
Female with the black and chestnut replaced by brown, the cheeks and chin lighter, and some tinged with dull rufous. 
Length, 20. 10 ; wing, 9. 30 ; tarsus, 1. 70 ; commissure, 2, 05. 
Hah. — Whole of North America. 
The canvas-back duck is found sparingly during the autumn and winter at Fort Dalles, 0. T., 
and at Puget Sound. It is much more abundant in the vicinity of San Francisco, where immense 
numbers are brought every winter to the markets. — S. 
The canvas-back duck is abundant during winter in the bays and rivers; frequenting the 
Columbia a hundred miles from its mouth. — C. 
