On some Fossil Bovine Remains found in Britain^ 77 
were found. In different parts of the same layer numerous 
bones, horns, and teeth of the red deer have at various times 
been discovered." 
The vertebra is the fifth cervical, and in its shapes and gene- 
ral anatomical characters, especially the concavo-convex na- 
ture of the articular surfaces of the centrum, and the foramina 
at the roots of the transverse processes, bears a closer resem- 
blance to the cervical vertebrse of the larger members of the 
order Ruminantia than to those of any other mammalian order. 
Thinking, in the first instance, that it might belong to the 
Megaceros hibernicus, I made a close comparison between it 
and the fifth cervical vertebra of the skeleton of that animal 
preserved in the Natural History Museum of the University 
of Edinburgh. It differs, however, in several of its measure- 
ments, more especially in the antero-posterior diameter, in 
which it is considerably shorter. On the whole, it may be 
said to possess a much more elegant shape than the vertebrae 
of the Megaceros. In its characters it corresponds much more 
closely to the fifth cervical vertebra of a bovine animal ; and, 
from its size, it has probably belonged either to the Bos pri- 
migenius, or to the great fossil Aurochs, Bison priscus. In 
confirmation of this opinion, I have the high authority of 
Professor Owen, to whom I presented a cast of the vertebra 
some months ago. It may be interesting to contrast for a 
moment this vertebra with a human cervical vertebra, when 
the difierence between the relative size of the neural canals 
and the bony processes is at once apparent, the neural canal 
of the fossil bone being very little larger than the correspond- 
ing canal in the human vertebra, whilst the processes of the 
former are many times larger than those of the latter. The 
circumference of the fossil, measuring it around the tips of 
the processes, is 26J inches. From the almost perfect state 
of the bone, it must have reposed quietly in the position in 
which it was found, and have been subjected there to very 
slight external influences. 
The tooth found in the same stratum, and in the immediate 
neighbourhood of the vertebra, is the last pre-molar of the 
right side of the upper jaw of a bovine animal, probably the 
Bos primigenias. It has three fangs. The inner surface of 
