170 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 
Iv.j figs. 4 and 5), without any specific name assigned to it, 
which is closely allied to, if it be not identical with, the Roto- 
marrama cranium. It is said to be " equal in size to that of 
Dinornis casuarimis, and, from the presence of the left post- 
orbital process, to furnish another mark of difi'erence from 
the cranial structure of Dinornis proper — namely, the non- 
union of the postfrontal with the mastoid." Again, he says, 
The olfactory chambers are broader behind than P, gera- 
noides, and had not the transverse ridge : the frontals broader 
and flatter between the antorbital processes : the temporal de- 
pressions are relatively larger, and are traversed by a subver- 
tical ridge — differences which indicate the specific distinction of 
the birds to which these nearly equal-sized crania belonged." 
The neural canal in the cervical, dorsal, and sacral vertebrae 
corresponds in size with the foramen magnum in the cranium 
found along with these bones, so that there can be little doubt 
that these specimens all belong to one individual. 
The body of the cervical vertebra is three inches in length ; 
and the transverse diameter of its anterior and posterior arti- 
culating surfaces measures exactly two inches. From the 
rudimental form of the spinous process above, and the con- 
dition of the heemapophysis below, compared with those in the 
emeu, this appears to be one of the posterior cervical vertebrae, 
where the spinous process is least developed — probably the 
fifteenth or sixteenth reckoning backwards. 
The body of the dorsal vertebra is an inch and a half in 
length, the transverse diameter at the anterior articulating 
surface is two inches, and that of the posterior articulating 
surface an inch and /o^hs. The costal depression is an inch 
in length, and half an inch from side to side at the middle 
and broadest part, situated at the upper and fore part of the 
body of the vertebra. There is a smaller articulating surface 
for the tubercle of the rib at the under and back part of the 
transverse protuberance. The height from the base of the 
body posteriorly to the tip of the spinous process is five inches. 
There is a large pneumatic foramen at the base of each trans- 
verse protuberance, which almost penetrates into the neural 
canal, the intervening space being translucent. The shortness 
of the body of the seventh dorsal vertebra in the skeleton of 
