324 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 
extensive Occurrence of Unstriped Muscles in the Skin in 
the Mammalia."* 
As this paper throws some additional light upon the pro- 
bable action of the orbital muscle, I append a short abstract 
of it:— 
H. Miiller, after referring to the many puzzling questions 
which have arisen respecting the function of the sympathetic 
nerve, and its relations to the muscles supplied by it, pro- 
ceeds to ask two questions : — 
1st, Whether and which unstriped muscles are supplied 
by other nerves than the sympathetic ? 
2d, Whether and which transversely-striped muscles are 
under the influence of the sympathetic ? 
In answer to the first, the action of the oculo-motor nerve 
upon the unstriped fibres of the iris cannot be doubted ; the 
vagus also acts upon unstriped muscles, and the experiments 
of Schiff have shown that the greater part of the vascular 
nerves are not connected with the sympathetic. 
The second question may be most efifectively answered by 
considering the effect produced upon the eye-ball by division 
or irritation of the cervical sympathetic. Miiller, for this 
purpose, refers to the experiments of Bernard, E. Wagner, 
and Brown-Sequard ; the general tendency of which is to 
show, that division of the cervical sympathetic produces 
narrowing of the palpebral fissure, retraction of the bulb, 
projection of the nictitating membrane and narrowing of the 
anterior nares and the mouth. Irritation of the nerve by 
galvanization, on the other hand, produces increase of the 
opening of the lids, projection of the bulb, retraction of the 
nictitating membrane, relaxation of several facial muscles. 
Kespecting the causes which produced these changes there 
was some difference of opinion. E. Wagner could scarcely 
conceive that any force, save the contraction of the two 
obliqui, could produce projection of the eye-ball, and yet, 
he asks, ^' how could these transversely-striped muscles re- 
ceive excito-motory fibres from the sympathetic ?" Brown- 
Sequard, again, considered that retraction of the bulb, after 
^ Ueber den Einfluss des Sympatliicus auf einige Muskeln, &c. Von H. 
Miiller, " Verhandlungen der Phys. Med. Gesellschaft in Wiirzbuig." 
