432 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 
shingle, the pebbles being all well rounded, and loosely 
cemented in a sandy and somewhat ferruginous matrix. (2) 
Is a bed of fine white sand, about six feet thick. It is full of 
false bedding, the diagonal stratification being beautifully 
exhibited by the alternations of darker and lighter coloured 
layers. Its upper surface is irregular, and is overlaid by a 
well-marked seam (3) of sand and gravel, which averages 
about sixteen inches in thickness. Its lower part is gravelly 
and ferruginous. This stratum is covered by three or four 
inches of a stiff greenish clay (4), which contains numerous 
perpendicular (sometimes dichotomous) ferruginous pipes, pro- 
bably marking the remains of the stems of plants. This 
stratum passes up into a bed (5), about six feet thick, of dark 
silt or sandy clay well stratified, having thin lenticular inter- 
laminations of sand, with occasional oyster-valves, a few 
Section of Sand-pit, Junction Road, Leith. 
stones, and fragments of bones and pottery. The upper part 
of this bed becomes more sandy, and graduates into the super- 
incumbent stratum of brown sand (6). The highest bed of 
the section (7) consists of stratified sand and shingle full of 
littoral shells, and some of the stones having halani still 
attached. The irregular deposit (marked h in the diagram), 
which rests unconformably upon the edges of the strata just 
described, is a mass of loose humus, which has been thrown 
down here at no distant date, perhaps to fill up an irregularity 
of the surface. It is full of stones, bricks, bones, pieces of 
