I 
Red-crested Pochard 
7 
Galicia. — I have seen this duck in the marshes near Lemberg in September, and saw 
specimens that were killed in summer near Niedworna, where it probably breeds. Saunders 
{Manual, p. 442) mentions it as frequently breeding in the valley of the Danube. This, I 
think, refers to the lower part near the mouth. 
Russia. — Breeds in the governments of Kherson, Ekaterinoslav, Taurida, the Lower 
Don, Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the Volga N. to 53^° and east to the Ufa government, 
and the Kirghis steppes (Buturlin). 
Africa: Algeria. — ^Resident, and breeding (H.' B. Tristram, Ibis, i860, p. 164). 
There are eggs in the British Museum (see Catalogue IL, p. 179 ; and O. Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 
pp. 358 and 363). I saw several of these ducks in the salt lagoons to the east of Oran in 
April 1899, and was told by natives that they bred there. I noted other specimens in the 
market of Algiers about the same date. Rare, and possibly breeding in Egypt. 
Asia. — According to Rey (p. 650) it breeds in the Aral Sea, Transcaucasia, Turkestan, 
and Siberia ; Caucasus (see Radde, Ornis Caucasica, p. 463). H. Schalow {J. F. On^., 
1908, p. 83) says it breeds in East Turkestan and the whole of the Tian Shan district of 
Siberia, and Johansen says it breeds commonly in the S.W. Tomsk government. It is also 
a common breeder in Yarkand (//. Yark Mission, aves, R. B. Sharpe, p. 1 29 ; Stray Feathers, 
iv. p. 201). Saunders {Manual, p. 442) states that it breeds in " N. Persia, Turkestan East 
to Lob-Nor, but not in Siberia." Stuart Baker {Indian Ducks, p. 214) states that it breeds 
in Persia as far south as Shiraz (see also Zool. of Eastern Persia, O. St. John, p. 302). It 
arrives late in the season in India, but does not breed there. 
Winter Range. — The general winter range of this species is Southern Europe, 
notably the countries bordering the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Black and Caspian 
Seas, North and Central India, and occasionally China. 
It is abundant in Sardinia in the winter and spring, also in Mesopotamia (A. G. Tomlin- 
son) in winter. Very common in N.W. Africa, such as Tunisia and Algeria, but scarce in 
Morocco (see Whitaker, Birds of Tunisia, ii. p. 213; and Irby, Orn. Str. Gibr., 2nd. ed., p. 226) ; 
rare in Lower Egypt (Von Heuglin {Ornith. N.O. Afrikas, p. 68) ; common on the S. Cas- 
pian, Talysch lowlands and Bokhara, &c. (Loudon,/. F. Orn., 19 10, p. 73). A few winter 
in Montenegro and probably in Southern Hungary. A very complete account of the winter 
distribution of this species in India is given by Stuart Baker in Indian Ducks and their 
Allies, p. 210. He states that it is common throughout the whole of Northern and Central 
India in winter. In Assam it is less common, but becomes rare in Southern India and in 
the extreme West. The same author thinks it is found at times throughout the whole of 
the Indian Peninsula, and gives abundant details of its local distribution. In the Shan 
States it is scarce {Ibis, 1901, p. 561), but it is nevertheless a regular winter visitor to 
Burmah (Harington, Birds of Bunna, 1909). A few visit Ceylon {P. Z. S., 1873, p. 208), 
and it is common in Afghanistan in March {Ibis, 1882, p. 125) and occasionally shot on 
the Kashmir lakes. To Middle Europe the species is only of casual occurrence. References 
of its appearance in the Baltic provinces, Voronezh, Charkoff, Podolia, and Orel, are 
given (in /. F. Orn., 1909, p. 581) ; Belgium (three recorded) ; N. France (rare) ; fairly 
common in Moravia, Silesia, and Hungary in autumn and spring, where I have seen 
them ; Greece, Denmark, Servia, and Holland, occasional ; in Normandy only once ; in 
North America a single specimen was found in the New York market, February 1872 
