1 8 British Diving Ducks 
Scandinavia. — Not rare in South Norway in migration, but does not breed ; in 
Sweden it is commoner and is said to have bred (Oland, Gotland, Ostergotland, &c.) 
(Dresser). 
Denmark. — Breeds regularly in small numbers (H. Winge and E. Schioler.) 
Germa7iy. — Found breeding in Mecklenburg, Brunswick, Altenburg, E. Prussia, 
Saxony, E. Thuringia, Bavaria, Pomerania, Mark Brandenburg, Baden, and Silesia 
(Naumann). 
Bavaria.— BvQtds (Jaekel, l^dgel Bayerus, p. 363), also North Germany (Hofmeyer, 
/. F. O., 1872, p. 339). 
Italy. — Somewhat doubtful, said to breed in Massaciuccoli (Gragnani), and was 
formerly believed to breed in the Venetian estuary (see Arrigojti Manuale, p. 742). 
Hungary. — Breeds (Frivalszky, Aves Hungarice, p. 164); generally common and 
breeding [Madarasz, p. 576); also breeds in Bohemia (/. F. O., 1872, p. 371). 
Spain. — Lilford, as quoted by Irby [Orn. Straits, Gib.), gives it as a breeding species ; 
nests were found in the Marismas of Guadalquivir by H. Noble {Ibis, 1902), where these 
birds breed in fair numbers (Jourdain). A. Chapman {Unexplored Spain, p. 410) mentions 
it as breeding. 
Holland. — A few pairs breed in N. Brabant {Albarda, p. 105); breeds in N. Brabant, 
Friesland, and N. Holland {Van Oort, p. 149); breeds commonly in one locality in 
Friesland (Capt. H. Lynes). 
Balkan Pe7iinsula. — Found nesting near Varna by P. Leverkahn (Stuart Baker, 
Indian Ducks, p. 222); breeds regularly in Roumania (Dombrowski). I suspect that it 
also breeds in Silesia and Southern Galicia, where I have seen old and young birds in 
September. 
British Isles. — The principal breeding grounds of this species in England are the 
east coast counties from Northumberland to Kent. In addition to these, it is also known 
to nest in Herts, Essex, Beds, Dorset, Berks, Hants, Bucks, Sussex, Staffs, Lanes, and 
Notts. Both in England and Scotland the birds are extending their range every year, 
and I think it will not be long before they are found breeding in every suitable lake where 
they receive protection. In places where they were formerly autumn, winter, and spring 
migrants they now show a disposition to prolong their spring stay; and when we see 
courtship proceeding and flocks breaking in pairs, it is generally a sign that some of the 
birds will in future delay their departure and stop to breed. An instance of this is the 
Lake of Knepp, a sheet of water in West Sussex, that seems to be an ideal home for the 
birds. Formerly they were merely winter visitors. In 19 10 they stayed till the end of 
March, in 191 1 they courted and paired and left with evident reluctance, and this year 
several pairs have remained until April. Nests will probably be found this or next year. 
I have noticed the same in Staffordshire and Perthshire. 
For many years the Common Pochard has nested in Norfolk (instances too numerous 
to quote), Yorkshire (Hornsea Mere), Lancashire, Dorset, and Hertfordshire, where they 
are numerous at Tring. It also breeds in Durham, Essex (since 1886, Christy, Vict. Hist, 
of Essex), Kent {Birds of Kent, Ticehurst, p. 361, and others), Berks (in Windsor Park, 
ZooL, 1908, p. 139), Bedfordshire {Vict. Hist. Beds, 1. p. 125), Staffordshire (Gailey 
Pools, 1890, Rep. N. Staffs. F. Chtb, 1905-6, p. 49), Hants (since 1880, Birds of Hants ^ 
