68 British Diving Ducks 
Kinnear, A. S. N. Hist., 1907, p. 82; P. H. Baker, t.c, p. 213; see also Brif. Birds, II, 
Dec. 1908, p. 209). A friend who rented the winter shooting of South Uist in 191 1 tells me 
Scaup bred there in the previous year (1910). Thus it is evident that the species will be 
established in South Uist if the owner of the property, Sir R. Cathcart, will give the birds 
efficient protection. 
I shall not be surprised if we hear of more nests of the Scaup being found in the 
mainland of Scotland in the near future, for I know of certain lochs where they show a 
greater disposition every year to prolong their stay. 
Faroes.— A few stay to breed {ZooL, 1872, p. 3255 ; /. F. O., 1889, p. 374). The late Mr. 
Muller told me that a few pairs nested regularly in some lakes a few miles from Thorshavn. 
Iceland. — Very common on all suitable lakes ; I travelled 800 miles over the interior 
of Iceland in the summer of 1889, and saw Scaup on nearly every lake that was not too 
deep. It is especially abundant on the Myvatn Lake and the banks of the slow-flowing 
Skalfandi Laxa, where I saw hundreds of nests. It has been stated [Ibis, 1886, p. 49) that 
there were found 305 nests on a space of three to four acres, and this is probably no exaggera- 
tion if the place is the same one as I saw near the Myvatn farm-house. I found numbers 
of Scaup and shot about twenty on the Fishivatn lakes in Central Iceland. These were 
all immature non-breeding birds, which goes to prove that in the breeding season the 
nesting and non-nesting birds keep somewhat apart. At Myvatn I saw no Scaups except 
those that were adult and breeding. Many Scaups, however, breed south of these lakes, 
Mr. Jourdain having found single pairs at Thingvella and other lakes in South Iceland. 
Norway. — Breeds in numbers in East Finnark, and in small numbers in the Fjeld 
lakes from Throndhjem to Christiania Amt. I have seen Scaups that had evidently bred in 
many lakes in Stavanger, Bergen, and Throndhjem Amts, and also in the lakes of Dovrefjeld, 
where they are said to be fairly numerous. 
Sweden. — On the Fjeld lakes of Lapland and Jemtland, and also on the coast of 
Stockholm and Gotland, and on islets of Ronehaum, and east and south coasts of Olan 
(Westerlund). 
Russia. — North- West Finland (6i°25 to 70°); in Novgorod and possibly in Petersburg 
Government (S. A. Buturlin) ; had bred in the Island of Oesel, Russian Baltic Provinces 
(Orn. Monatsber, 19 10, p. 5). 
Germany. — Said to have bred at the Hildersee, Brunswick (Blasius) ; in Anhalt (Balda- 
mus), and occasionally in the Mark and Mecklenberg (Naumann) ; Bornholm (A. Grunack, 
Orn. Centralblatt, 1879, p. 59). 
Austro-Hungary. — Said to have bred in Bohemia since 1892. 
Asia: Siberia. — Breeds in large numbers on the Tundra of North Siberia from 
Archangel far to the east. On the Kolyma up to 67° N. (Buturlin) ; also in Kamtschatka 
and the Commander Isles. These Asiatic Scaup frequenting the two last-named places 
have been separated recently under the name of F. mariloides (Vig). 
But it is somewhat doubtful if they can be regarded even as a sub-specific race. They 
differ only in size, some being as large and practically identical with true N. marila, 
whilst others are smaller and more akin to N. marila affinis, the small nearctic race. 
Naumann suggests that these eastern Asiatic birds may be merely hybrids between true 
N. marila and N. marila affinis, and since a proportion of the latter probably and 
