Genus : Clangula 
GOLDEN-EYE 
Clangula Clangula (Linnaeus) 
Anas clangula^ Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. x., i. p. 125 (1758). 
Anas glaucium^ Briss. Orn., vi. p. 406, pi. 36 (1760). 
Anas clangula, Linn., Syst. Nat., i. ed. xii., p. 201 (1766). 
Anas glaucion^ Linn., torn, cit., p. 201 (1766). 
Anas peregrina, S. G., Gmel. Reise durch Russl., ii. p. 183, pi. 16 (1774). 
Le Garrot, Buff. Hist. Nat., vis. ix. p. 222 (1783). 
Clangula clangula (Linn.), Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 564. 
Fuligula clangula (L.), Bp. Syn., p. 393 (1828). 
Clangula vulgaris, Plem., Brit. Anim., p. 120 (1828). 
Clangula glaucion, C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., p. 929 (1831). 
Bucephala clangula, (L.), Cones, Key N. Amer. B., p. 290 (1872). 
Local Names.— Golden-Eye, Garrot, Magpie Diver, White-faced Dunbird, Rattle-wing, Rattler, Bell-duck, 
Bell-ringer, Red-diver, Morillon (old name for females and immatures) {English) ; Whistler, 
Whistle-wing, Whiffler, Spirit Duck, Bullhead, Plongeur {Louisiana) {English) {N. America)-, 
Hwyaden Lygad Aur ( Welsh) ; Garrot {French) ; Quatr occhi, Quatroci (adult male), Companato 
(young male), Campanele (female) {Italian) ; Schellente, Kobelente, Knobbe {German) ; Brileend, 
Brilducker, Knob, Bolder, Belder {Dutch) ; Lugen-Vog, Witt-sitted {Heligolnd) ; Hvinand, Fiiroine 
{Danish) ; Hvinand, Skjoerand {Norwegian) ; Knipa {Swedish) ; Sotka, Telkka {Finnish) ; Gogol, 
gogolsk {Russian) ; Ribarica, Bronzulja {Bosnian) ; Patka batoglavika {Croatian) ; Hohol {Czechish) ; 
K\hv2i {Esthnian); Hojiro gamo {Japanese); Husond {Icelandic)] Coadgi {Lappish); Braimla zeira 
{Maltese); Glavac {Montenegrin); Kaczska Krzykliwa {Polish); Retor (male),* Perdigana d'aigua 
(female) {Spanish) ; Kerce rucza {Hungarian). 
There are two forms of this duck inhabiting the colder regions of the northern world, 
namely, the Golden-Eye of Europe and Asia, and the American Golden-Eye Clangula 
clangula americana. The latter, however, is so nearly identical with the old-world form 
that past authorities seem to be quite justified in regarding it, as they did, as the same 
bird. It is merely a matter of opinion whether the two races should be separated or not. 
Egg. — In colour the eggs are a bright blue-green, but lose colour considerably after 
being blown. The usual number is 6 or 8 to 13, but 14, 15, and even 16 eggs have been 
found in a nest. " Average size of 130 eggs, 59.22 x 42.57 mm. Max. 67 x 39.5 and 60 x 45 ; 
min. 52 X 41 and 67 x 39.5 " (F. C. R. Jourdain). 
Under a hen eggs were hatched in twenty days (P. E. Blaauw, Ibis, 1909, p. 188. For 
a description of the nesting down see Zoologist, 1906, p. 373, and Brit. Birds, ii. p. 38 
(pi. ii. fig. 14). Like that of other species which regularly nest in holes, the down is very 
light in colour, almost white. 
Young in Down. — Crown, sides of the head to the line of the bill, nape, and upper 
parts, rich dark brown ; white spots on each side of the centre of back, sides of the rump 
above the thighs, and upper sides of the wing ; tail and lower neck in front, greyish brown ; 
a brown spot on the chin ; under parts, throat, lower cheek, white ; thighs, brown ; bill, 
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