Golden-Eye 85 
notes that it is not rare to see adult Golden-Eyes until the end' of April, and Mr. W. Berry 
writes (April 28, 191 1) that he has just seen seven adult birds on the Loch of Dochfour, 
Inverness. Mr. A. H. Evans saw two paired and courting on Loch Maree, May 30, 1891 
(cf. Vert. Fauna of N. W. Highlands, pp. 241, 239). After May it is sometimes possible 
to see an occasional Golden-Eye in the summer on Highland lochs. I have notes of observ- 
ing them as follows : " Loch Stenness (Aug. 12th, four seen, young birds, one shot) ; Loch 
Harray (July, three adults seen); Balranald, N. Uist (August 1899, four immatures seen, 
one shot); Loch Naver, Sutherland (June, two adults seen). In Shetland one or two 
Golden- Eyes stay every summer. For three years (1895-98) a male Golden-Eye lived on 
the Tay at Perth, summer and winter, probably a pricked bird. More than one instance 
of young Golden-Eyes being shot in first fortnight in August on Loch Spynie." 
Mr. Gerald Legge saw two adult male Golden-Eyes on Loch Spynie on June 20, 
1912. 
With reference to Loch Spynie, Captain J. Brander-Dunbar is convinced that Golden- 
Eyes have bred once on Loch Spynie, but gives no particulars beyond that the young were 
seen and were probably destroyed by pike. He has known them to stay through the 
summer more than once. 
The nearest regular breeding place to the British Isles is the south of Norway, and 
there I have seen twice (in Stavanger Amt) adult Golden- Eyes and their young on Sept. ist, 
the young being then scarcely capable of migrating. It is therefore somewhat of a puzzle to 
know where these young Golden-Eyes come from that appear in Scotland in early August, 
even supposing they migrate the very first day they are capable of flight. Mr. Blaauw's birds 
were hatched, I think, unusually early (June 26th), and were not able to fly till August 25th. 
Iceland. — I saw no specimens of this duck in the north of the island, but on the river 
Sog in July I came within a few yards of a female with young ones. A pair were seen by 
H. Slater (June 23, 1885), and skins obtained the following winter (ZooL, 1886, p. 1. ; 
Manual, p. 62). It probably breeds in small numbers.^ 
Norway. — South of the Dovrefjeld it breeds only in alpine and sub-alpine rivers and 
lakes. Personally I have never seen females and young on the rivers, but only in lakes 
below the mountains in Bergen and Stavanger Amts. Northward from Trondhjem Amt 
it breeds on low-lying as well as high lakes and rivers up as far as the limit of conifers in 
Finmark. 
Sweden. — Commonly in Lapland, less so in Tornea Lappmark, and sometimes in 
Dalarne and Wermland ; occasionally also in several localities in Smaland ilVesterlund, ii. 
p. 178). 
i^/;^/.^?;^^^^.— Generally wherever trees are found {Ibid.). 
Russia. — South to lat. 51° N. in the Urals. Locally in the Baltic Provinces (S. A. 
Buturlin). North to the tree limit. 
Germany. — Has apparently nested sporadically in Holstein (Boie), Mecklenburg, 
Saxony, Pomerania, E. Prussia {Ibis, 1892, p. 518), Mark Brandenburg, Silesia (E. 
Rey).^ 
Austro-Hungary : Bohenua. — Breeds (E. Rey.) 
^ Mr. E. Schioler obtained an adult male from Myvatn, killed May lo, 1910. 
2 Most of these are recorded in the J. F. O. 
I 
