BUFFEL-HEADED DUCK 
Clangula albeola (Linnsus) 
The Little Black-and- White Duck, Edw. Nat. Hist. Birds, ii. p. loo, pi. lOo (1747). 
Anas albeola, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. X. i. p. 124 (1758). 
Anas hyberna, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 349 (1760) 
Anas querquedula ludoviciana, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 461, pi, xli. fig. i. (1760). 
Anas querquedula Carolinensis, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 464 (1760). 
Anas albeola, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. XII. i. p. 199 (1766 ex Edwards). 
Anas bucephala, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 200 (1766). (^). 
Anas rustica, Linn., Syst. Nat., i. p. 201 (1766). ( $ ). 
La Sarcelle blanche et noire ou La Religieuse, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ix. p. 284 (1783). it)- 
La Sarcelle de la Caroline, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ix. p. 286 (1783). ($). 
Clangula albeola (Linn.), Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii. pt. ii. p. 184 (1824). 
Fuligula albeola (Lmn.), Bp. Ann. Lyc. New York, ii. p. 394 (1826). 
Bucephala albeola (Linn.), Baird, B. of N. Amer., p. 797 (1858). 
Charitonetta albeola (Linn.) Stejneger, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. p. 166 (1885). 
Local Names. — Buffel-headed Duck, Buffle-headed Duck, Bufile-head, Butterbox, Marionette, Butter- 
ball, Spirit Duck, Dipper, Little Dipper, Little Black and White, Little Brown Duck, Buffalo- 
headed Duck {English) ; Sarcelle de la Louisiana, Sarcelle de la Caroline, La Religieuse, Sarcelle 
blanche et noire, Petit Canard a grosse tete, Garrot albeole {French). 
Egg. — 6 to 14 in number, according to A. W. Butler; clutches of 7, 8, 10, and 12 are 
mentioned by W. Raine, 8 (Stark) and 9 (Lockhart). Colour creamy white, with " a tinge 
of greyish olivaceous " (Dresser) ; from inside they are said to show a greenish tinge, but 
Mr. Allan Brooks tells me this is incorrect, and that they are always ivory-white without 
any tinge of green. Shell smooth and close grained, with a very hard surface. Average 
size of 13 eggs, 51.7x36.84 mm., max.; 55. x 37 and 51x37.5, min. 50x37 and 51x35.5 
(F. C. R. Jourdain). 
The nesting down is greyish-white and often mixed with particles of wood from the 
hole. A few greyish-white flank feathers with darker shafts may be found among the 
down. 
Yoimg in Dow7i. — Entire body covered with short soft down ; crown, sides of head, 
nape, and upper parts deep dark brown, marked with a large white spot on each side of the 
lower back, and on each side there is a longitudinal patch of white not so round as in the 
Golden-Eye. Chin, lower cheeks, and upper throat white ; lower breast, grey ; under parts 
white, marked with dark brown on the thighs and grey about the anal portion ; wings, dark 
brown on the upper half and pure white on the lower half, with a considerable portion of 
greyish white about the edges where the bastard wing and primaries will appear. Bill and 
legs slatey-brown. In the early stages the bill is very small and pointed. 
Immature Male. — Considerably larger, especially about the head, than females, either 
adult or immature ; in first plumage (October) the young male has the head and neck black, 
suffused with grey ; a white patch larger than that of the female extends from below the 
