LONG-TAILED DUCK 
Clangula hy emails (Linnaeus) 
Anas hyemalis, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. X., i. p. 126 (1758). 
A nas longicanda islandica, Briss. Orn., iv. p 379 (1760) 
A nas longicanda ex insula Terrce-Novce, Briss., torn, cit., p. 382 (1760). 
Anas querquedula ferrdensis, Briss., torn, cit., p. 466, pi. 40, fig. 2 (1760). 
Anas kyemalls, Linn., op. cit., p. 202 (1766). 
Anas glacialis, Linn., Syst. Nat, Ed. XII., i. p. 203 (1766). 
Le canard a longue queue de Terre neuve, Buff., Hist. Nat. Ois., ix. p. 202 (1783). 
Anas miclonia, Bodd., Table des PI. Enl., p. 58 (1783). 
Anas brachyrhynchos, Beseke, Vog Kurl., p. 50, pi. 6 (1792). 
Anas longicanda, Leach, Syst. Cat. M. and B., Brit. Mus., p. 37 (1816). 
Clangula glacialis (L.), Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 564. 
Platypus glacialis (L.), C. L. Brehm, Lehrb. Eur. Vog., ii. p. 840 (1824). 
Platypus faberi, C. L. Brehm, op. cit., p. 1004 (1824). 
Heralda glacialis (L.), Staph, in Shaw's Gen. Zool., xii. pi. 11, p. 175 (1824). 
Fuligula glacialis (L.), Bp. Synop. B. U. S. in Am. Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, 1826, p. 395. 
Pagonetta, Kaup {Anas glacialis, Linn.), Nat. Syst., p. 66 (1829). 
Clangula hientalis (L.), C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., p. 933 (183 1). 
Clangula faberi, C. L. Brehm, op. cit., p. 935 (1831). 
Clangula megauros^ C. L. Brehm, op. cit., p. 936 (1831). 
Clangula musica, C. L. Brehm, op. cit., p. 937 (1831). 
Clangula brachyrhynchus, C. L. Brehm, op. cit,, p. 938 (1831). 
Crymonessa glacialis (L.), MacGillivray, Man. Brit. B., ii. p. 186 (1842). 
Local Names.— Long-tailed Duck, Long-tail, Curlwee, Calloo, Calloo Duck, Coal-and-Candle-Light 
{East Coast, Scotland)-, Ice-Duck {English); South-southerly, Old-wife, Old Indian, Old Molly, 
Old Billy, Cockawee, Cowee, Long-tailed Duck, Scolder, Old Squaw, English {N. America); 
Ian Bochainn, Ian Bachainn (Ocean bird), Ian Buchainn (Melodious bird) {Gaelic); Harelde 
glaciale {French)-, Moretta codona {Italian) y Eisente, Winterente, Eistavchente {German); 
A-had-lin, A-dyigia {Point Barrow Esquimaux) ; A-lang-uk {Alaskan Esquimaux) ; De Ijseend 
{Dutch) ; Havlet, Havlyk {Danish) ; Edvedla {Faroese) ; Aglek {Greenlandic) ; Havelli, Foella 
{Icelandic); Alii {Finnish); Isand, Havelle {Norwegian); Alfogel {Swedish); Vostrohwostka, Javk, 
Morjanka {Russian) ; Shima-aji {Japanese). 
Egg. — Usually 5 or 6 to 9 in number, rarely 10; shell glossy, and the shape elliptical 
or blunt oval ; colour, pale greyish-green, ranging to buff or brownish-buff. Average size 
of ICQ eggs, 53.62 38.65 mm. Maxima, 59.5x40, and 57.5x40.5; minima, 49.5x33, and 
58.5x36 mm. (F. C. R. Jourdain). Weight, 3. 114 gr. (Rey) ; 3.22 gr. (Le Roi, 6 eggs). 
Down. — " Dark sooty brown with dull white spots " (Dresser). (See also descriptions 
in Zoologist, 1906, p. 373; Brit. Birds, ii. p. 39 (pi. ii. fig. 12, flank feathers). The down 
is not so dark as that of Scaup or Scoters ; Hantzsch describes it as pale-brown." 
Young in Down. — Crown of the head, eye stripe, centre of cheek extending to angle 
of the mouth, back of neck, all upper parts, dark brown ; the rump and back of the head 
are darkest, whilst the edge of the wings and nape are greyish-brown. The down round 
the neck, forming a complete collar, is grey-brown ; between the brown at the angle of the 
mouth and crown is a brownish-white spot. There are also two similar spots in front 
