Long-tailed Duck 117 
all recent travellers having found them there. I found numbers of Long-tails in the 
Fishivatn lakes in the centre of Iceland, but these were a few non-breeding adults and 
many immatures. Jourdain also found it breeding on Thingveller Lake in 191 2. 
Jan Mayen. — A few breed (Hantzsch, loc. cit., ZooL, 1890, p. 14). 
Spitzbergen. — Not common but breeds sporadically, also on Bear Island (Le Roi, 
Avifauna Spitzbergensis, p. 227). 
Norway. — Sparingly in Valders and on the Dovre Fjeld ; Throndhjem Amt 
(J. G. M.) ; Nordland and Finmark (Westerlund and Dresser). 
Sweden. — Swedish Lapland ; Finland and N. Russia ; Russian Lapland S. to lat. 
67° (Dresser), to N., Lake Onega (Dresser). E. Nordling has also recorded it as breeding 
in the Gulf of Finland [Zeits.f. oologie, 1904, p. 69). In N.E. Russia it breeds freely along 
the tundra from Archangel to the Petschora (Seebohm and Harvie-Brown) ; Dresser says 
it breeds to Perm Government on east slopes of the Urals ; and Sabanaeff that it nests 
in the Jaroslav Government ; probably breeds in Kolguev, and commonly on Waigats 
(Pearson, Beyond Pelsora, p. 315) ; and Novaia Zembla (Pearson, Dresser, Von Heuglin, &c.). 
Asia. — It breeds on the tundra on the coast across the continent to Eastern 
Kamtschatka. Also on the Commander Isles (E. W. Nelson, Report, p. 73) ; Aleutian Isles 
(W. H. Dall) ; Prybiloff Isles (H. W. Elliott). 
N. America. — Breeds from Point Barrow, Alaska, to N.E. Labrador, throughout 
the Barren Grounds and down into the lakes of the Mackenzie basin as far as Bear Lake 
(Melvill) ; shores of the Arctic Sea north to lat. 82° ; Herschell I., Parry I., Hudson Bay, 
Ungava Bay, Grinnell Land, and land to W. of Davis Straits. In the North-West it 
breeds in numbers on the coastlands and the interior of Alaska, and probably also in 
Northern British Columbia ; ^ also nests in Southern Labrador (Hantzsch). 
In Greenland it breeds in large numbers on the west as far north as Davis Straits. 
And Manniche (Terrestrial Mamm. and B. of N.E. Greenland, p. 97) found it a common 
nesting species in N.E. Greenland as far as lat. 80° 23' N. 
Migration Range. 
E^trope: British Isles. — This species is a common winter visitor principally to 
Scotland, the Northern Isles, the Western Isles, and the northern seaboard of England. 
Further south it occurs at intervals all round our coasts. 
Orkneys and Shetlands. — They are numerous generally at the entrances of bays and 
voes and on the edges of tide-rips throughout these islands, more especially where there 
are mussel beds. They arrive about October 1 5th and generally depart during the last week 
in March. In some seasons when there are heavy north winds their spring journey is 
sometimes delayed, and they do not leave until they have assumed the full summer dress 
in the first or second week in April. I have seen a few stay until late in April and 
sometimes until May, but the latter are generally " pricked " birds. 
Scotland. — Along the north coast of Caithness I have seen numbers from near Cape 
Wrath and Loch Erriboll to John o' Groat's, and they weather the winter storms of the 
Pentland Firth. Coming down the East Coast there are always a few off Wick. The 
water is too deep off the rest of the Sutherland coast ^ntil they come to Golspie Bay, where 
they are very abundant. I have seen immense numbers on a still winter day between 
1 In late September 1908 I found numbers of adults and young making their way down the Stikine River to the coast. 
