E. F. JANKUS, N. A. STALEY AND G. R. NOREN 
59 
19. Black-Schaffer, B. Infantile endocardial fibro- 
elastosis. A. M. A. Arch. Path. 63:281-306, 1957. 
20. Staley, N. a., Noren, G. R., and Jankus, E. F. 
Myocarditis in turkeys: association with virus-like 
particles. Am. J. Vet. Res. 33:859-861, 1972. 
21. Noren, G. R., Staley, N. A., and Jankus, E. F. 
Effect of cortisone acetate upon the early mortality 
of naturally occurring interstitial myocarditis in 
turkeys. (Abstract) Circulation 44 (Sup. No. 
2) :107, 1971. 
22. Staley, N. A., Noren, G. R., and Jankus, E. F. 
Early response of a naturally occurring cardiomy- 
opathy to corticosteroids. Presented at the Ameri- 
can Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists 
Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 11-18, 1972. 
DISCUSSION 
Chairman Kezdi : In clinical medicine one of 
the most frustrating problems is idiopathic car- 
diomyopathy. Presently we can do very little for 
these patients. It is most interesting that the 
same problems exist in animals and a good model 
for the above probably is available. Maybe v^e 
can learn something about the immunopathology 
related to this problem. 
M. R. Malinow, Beaverton, Oregon : Are you 
able to transmit this disease to other animals 
and do you find lesions in some other organs? 
You mentioned avian lymphomatosis. Do you 
also find lesions in the coronary arteries similar 
to those which can be found in chickens with 
lymphomatosis? 
Dr. Jankus : With regard to your first ques- 
tion, we attempted a couple of years ago to 
make crude filtrates of infected hearts and inoc- 
ulate them into male one-day old poults or newly 
hatched poults. We were unsuccessful in repro- 
ducing the disease. However, we sacrificed these 
poults at about four weeks of age and did not 
subject them to histological examination which 
was an oversight on our part. But they did not 
develop gross lesions. 
Dr. Malinow: My second question was: do 
you find lesions in some other places besides the 
myocardium? 
Dr. Jankus: Lesions are characteristically 
located in the left heart. EFE has been observed 
only in the left ventricular chamber. 
Dr. Malinow : I am asking whether lesions 
are present in other organs, like the kidney or 
the liver, or in the central nervous system. 
Dr. Jankus: Congestion of the liver and 
lungs has been observed. Sautter, in 1968, re- 
ported bile duct hyperplasia. We have not ob- 
served, nor are there any reports, to my 
knowledge, of significant lesions in the renal, 
pulmonary or central nervous systems. 
Dr. Malinow : I believe that the last question 
was: did you find any lesions in the coronary 
arteries? 
Dr. Jankus : We have observed no lesions in 
the coronary arteries. Occasionally, perivascular 
cuflfing of coronary arteries by mononuclear cells 
is observed. 
Dr. C. Grant La Faroe, Children's Hospital 
Medical Center, Boston, Mass.: You quote my 
old friend John (]k)odwin and Celie Oakleaf's 
work in cardiomyopathy. Do you ever see any 
obstructive myopathy in these birds? 
Dr. Jankus : No. Certainly not of the subaor- 
tic stenosis type. Relative to congenital heart 
disease we have observed VSD lesions in a few 
birds. In every VSD case we also have observed 
EFE. It is our opinion at this time that the EFE 
was "primary" and the VSD was coincidental. 
All of the VSD cases have been of the membran- 
ous septum type about a millimeter or two in 
diameter. These observations will be published 
shortly in the American Journal of Veterinary 
Research; Einzig, Jankus and Moller. 
Dr. W. Erlich, Johns-Hopkins University 
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. : (Asks 
whether evidence indicates the presence of a 
virus.) 
Dr. Jankus: That's a good question. Our 
reply is : Yes, probably. Of course, until you can 
satisfy Koch's postulates you cannot prove that 
this is a virus disease. The consistent finding of 
the virus in the diseased tissue is the best 
information available to us together with the 
disease process itself. But we have no convincing 
evidence by any means. 
Chairman: This is a tremendous clinical 
problem as well : to determine which is a virus 
disease and which isn't. 
Dr. La Farge: Have you tried therapeutic 
regimens, other than the cortisone regimen in 
the poults? 
Dr. Jankus : No. In field outbreaks our advice 
has been general supportive therapy such as 
