R. M. HARDAWAY 
27 
p<.OI 
p<,05 
3 tft 
PROTHROMBIN TIME RISE 
DURING SHOCK 
(/I (t 
SILICONE CLOTTING TIME CHANGES 
DURING SHOCK 
Figure 9. — Prothrombin time rise and silicone clotting 
time changes during hemorrhagic shock in dogs 
treated with vasoconstrictors or vasodilators. Note 
that the control group showed a marked lengthening 
of silicone clotting time as a result of the shock 
whereas group B dogs showed an actual slight short- 
ening. That of Group C (vasoconstrictor) dogs ap- 
proximated the time of the controls. 
REFERENCES 
1. Chile, G. W. An Experimental Research into Sur- 
gical Shock. Philadelphia. J. B. Lippincott Co. 1899. 
2. WiGGERS, C. J. Physiology of Shock. Cambridge, 
Mass. Harvard University Press, 1950. 
3. HEfWSON, W. in The Works of William Hewson. 
FRS G. Gulliver Ed. London Sydenham Society 
1946, p 46. 
4. Hardaway, R. M. et al. Studies on the Role of In- 
travascular Coagulation in Irreversible Hemorrhagic 
Shock. Ann. Surg: 155, p. 241-250, 1962. 
5. WiGGERS, C. J. Physiology of Shock. Cambridge, 
Mass. Harvard University Press, 1950. 
6. Hardaway, R. M. et al. The Influence of Extracor- 
poreal Handling of Blood on Hemorrhagic Shock in 
Dogs. Exper. Med & Surg, 23, 28-37, 1965. 
7. Hardaway, R. M. Syndromes of Disseminated Intra- 
vascular Coagulation. Charles Thomas, Springfield, 
111. 1966. 
8. Hardaway, R. M. et al. Influence of Trauma and 
Hemolysis on Hemorrhagic Shock in Dogs. J. of 
Trauma, 4(5), 624-641, 1964. 
9. Hardaway, R. M. and Burns, J. W. Mechanism 
of Action of Fibrinolysin in the Prevention of Irre- 
versible Hemorrhagic Shock. Ann. Surg. 157: 305- 
309, 1963. 
10. Hardaway, R. M. and Johnson, D. Clotting Mecha- 
nism in Endotoxin Shock. Arch, of Int. Med. 112: 
775-782, 1968. 
Hardaway, R. M. et al. Clotting time of Heparinized 
Blood, Influence of Acidosis. Arch. Surg 89: 701- 
705, 1964. 
Hardaway, R. M. et al. Influence of Vasoconstrictor 
and Vasodilators on Disseminated Intravascular 
Coagulation in Irreversible Hemorrhagic Shock. 
Surg. Gyn and OB. 119: 1053-1961, 1964. 
11 
12 
50 
40 
30- 
20 
10 
BLOOD REMOVED OR RETURNED 
ml./ Kg. 
i 
I. 
-50 
-40 
30 
-20 
10 
INIT BLEED 
FINAL NET 
BLEED 
SUBSIOUENT TOTAL 
BLEEDS BLEED 
Figure 10. — Summary of blood removed or returned 
during hemorrhagic shock in dogs treated with a 
vasodilator or a vasoconstrictor. The initial bleed was 
that required to lower the arterial blood pressure to 
40 mmHg. Final net bleed was the amount of blood 
remaining outside the animal at the end of the shock 
period. Uptake is that amount of blood required to be 
administered during the shock period to maintain 
pressure at 40 mmHg mean pressure. Subsequent 
bleed is the amount of blood withdrawn after the 
initial bleed to keep blood pressure down to 40 mmHg. 
Usually this was withdrawn during the early part 
of the shock period and uptake took place during the 
latter part of the shock period. Total bleed is the sum 
of the initial and subsequent bleeds. 
