90 
CARDIAC MODELS 
Calf 307 
ECG- 
200,IOol2(f- 
mmHg 
ON 1 
OFF 
LA 
0=12 
0 = 28 
V =16 
v = 26 
m = 6 
m=21 
LV 
62/11 
136/29 
Ao 
190/136(156) 
136/116(122) 
RV 
24/3 
28/4 
PA 
22/14(18) 
27/16(24) 
HR 
56 
77 
Figure 11. — Pressure recordings obtained after 64 days 
of partial bypass, 38 days of total LV bypass. Initial 
LV end-diastolic pressure 45 mmHg. Pumping (total 
bypass) state (left) is illustrated, with pressures 
from this and concomitant recordings tabulated below. 
Non-pumping, severe failure state (right) illustrates 
pressures immediately prior to the onset of pulmonary 
edema with rales. Restoration of pumping reversed 
this undesirable state. Ecg — external cardiogram 
(artifact from transducer-tip catheter) ; LA = left 
atrium with "a," "v," and mean pressures; LV, 
RV = left and right ventricular peak and end-dias- 
tolic pressures. Ao, PA = aorta, pulmonary artery 
pressures, means in parentheses; HR = heart (and 
pump) rate. 
has had a challenging evaluation in the form of 
an animal model of ventricular failure v^hich 
has no more severe or challenging equivalent in 
clinical human disease. 
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