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DISCUSSION 
Chairman La Faroe : Thank you very much, 
Dr. Stanley. Dr. Malinrw? 
M. R. Malinow, Beaverton, Oregon: I want 
to ask two questions. The first is : how did you 
dissolve palmitic acid to inject it? And the sec- 
ond is : how long did the animals remain hepa- 
rinized with the dose you gave? 
Dr. Stanley : I'll answer the second question 
first. We did not actually measure the time. We 
did draw blood from a few of the animals and 
put it into the tube half an hour to an hour 
later; by then the clotting time would be less 
than thirty minutes. So we did not measure Lee 
White clotting times in these animals at 
all. But judging from the tubes of blood which 
were removed within half an hour to an hour, I 
would assume that these animals were not hep- 
arinized for more than fiften to thirty min- 
utes. I really believe that the reason why pre- 
treatment with a small amount of heparin does 
work is that at the time of manipulation around 
the left coronary ostia you do abrade the en- 
dothelium a little, with probably a little release 
of fibrin or platelets ; this is a critical time, be- 
cause if there is too much trauma to the intima 
of the wall you do seem to have problems with 
the animals. And I think that pretreatment 
