E. I. GOLDSMITH 317 
Table I. — Operative Experience For One Year at LEMSIP 
199 Operations 5 Species 
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Liver biopsy 2 
Heart biopsy _ 6 
Kidney biopsy — — 7 
FTSD 3 
18 
Gibbon (Hylobates lar) Excision thyroid tumor 1 
1 
Baboon (Papio cynocephalus) Liver biopsy _ 61 
Caesarean section 1 
(Papio anubis) Cannulation umbilical vein 6 
Cannulation duodenum 2 
(Papio hamadryas) Bile salt infusion 4 
Cross-circulation with human 2 
(Papio papio) Breast biopsy _ 1 
Lens transplant _ 6 
Corneal transplant 32 
Autotransplantation of uterus - 2 
Tubal ligation _ _ _ — 4 
Extracorporeal hemofiltration of portal blood _ _ -. 3 
Excision nasal septum 4 
Prostoglandin induction of labor 5 
Intestinal resection and reanastomosis — - — 1 
Exchange transfusion vpith human blood 3 
In utero injection of fetus with radioactive isotype 2 
139 
Khesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) Caesarean section — 27 
Hysterectomy 2 
2 
Neonatal hypophysectomy 2 
Bone biopsy 4 
Squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) 37 
Testicular biopsy 4 
4 
199 
Surgical experience with chimpanzees has 
been largely limited to biopsy of organs actually 
or potentially damaged after experimental ex- 
posure of the animal to infectious agents which 
affect only chimpanzees and humans (hepatitis 
virus, streptococci). Previously, we had the op- 
portunity to remove kidneys from chimpanzees 
for donation to human recipients. These experi- 
ences afforded us the opportunity to develop 
anesthesia techniques which, in fact, are ex- 
actly similar to those used for human patients, 
and to perform extensive exploration of ab- 
dominal and thoracic organs (which are eerily 
similar to the human). Attention to control of 
heat loss and maintenance of fluid and electro- 
lyte balance are essential. 
Seventy percent of the procedures were per- 
formed upon baboons reflecting the growing 
satisfaction of many investigators with the ba- 
boon as a general purpose animal model. The 
large number of liver biopsies stems from a 
large study of the effect of diet and alcohol 
upon liver morphology and function. The large 
group of corneal and lens transplants demon- 
strates opthalmologists' acceptance of the ba- 
boon eye as a suitable experimental model. Ex- 
change transfusion with human blood and 
cross-circulation with human patients in hepatic 
failure is an interesting area of study which 
clearly shows the close phylogenetic relationship 
which cannot be duplicated with other animals. 
The recently recognized occurrence in baboons 
of gallstones with chemical composition similar 
to human gallstones has opened an entirely new 
area for investigation. Thus there are a growing 
