MOLOKHIA, HUFFMAN, ROBINSON, ASIMACOPOULOS, PONN AND NORMAN 
389 
Figure 4. — LVAD in position. 
phate, induction of anesthesia with small doses 
of sodium thiamylal, and maintenance in a light 
plane with Halothane inhalation have provided 
a satisfactory anesthetic program. Hypoxia, hy- 
percarbia, and acidosis found at low ventilatory 
pressures of 15-20 cm H:;0 were eliminated at 
higher pressures of 30-40 cm HoO, without 
causing rupture of alveoli and pulmonary hem- 
orrhage. Decompression of abdominal distention 
is often necessary and can be effectively carried 
out by percutaneous insertion of a large caliber 
needle into the rumen or by a temporary gas- 
trostomy. Attempts to identify animals with 
preexisting pulmonary disease were disappoint- 
ing. (2) A vigorous antiarrhythmic regimen 
involving preoperative correction of potassium 
deficiency and extensive use of lidocaine intra- 
operatively has thus far resulted in the avoid- 
ance of ventricular fibrillation. (3) Blood loss 
during implantation has been markedly dimin- 
ished by the use of a single-balloon catheter 
technique and (4) coronary air embolism has 
been eliminated by flooding the pump itself and 
the operative field with carbon dioxide. 
With increased use of the calf, present inac- 
curacies and gaps in the available information 
on this animal's physiology will be corrected. It 
is believed, that these modifications of pre- 
viously employed procedures may offer an im- 
proved technical approach to successful left 
ventricular assist device implantation in the 
calf. 
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