396 
SURGERY AND TRANSPLANTATION 
Table IV. — Bacteriological Examination of 210 
Gallbladders from Baboons (post-mortem) 
Organism 
Number Infected 
Salmonellae 
S. typhimurium 
8 
S. sundsvall 
1 
Diverse types producing gastroenteritis 
7 
Shigellae 
Sh. flexneri type II 
1 
Sh. flexneri type V 
1 
Enteropathogenic E. coli 
Type 026 
3 
3 
Type 055 
Type 0111 
2 
Type 0119 
5 
B proteus 
Pseudomonas 
123 
Klebsiella 
No growth 
56 
is possibly not able to cause bacteremia and, 
therefore, is found only rarely in the gall- 
bladder. 
About 33.3 percent of all animals were free 
from parasites ; 46.4 percent carried Trichuris 
trichiura; 13 percent, trichostrongylus ; 11.9 
percent, Strongyloides stercoralis; 8.3 percent, 
ascaris; 10.3 percent. Entamoeba histolytica; 
1.2 percent, dictocaulus; and 1.2 percent, para- 
maecium. Some animals had more than one par- 
asite. Schistosoma was never found because all 
animals were trapped in that part of the coun- 
try that is free from Bilharziasis. These organ- 
isms are of importance in that their presence 
must be taken into consideration in liver and 
other intestinal tract surgery. 
Tissue Antigens 
Information regarding baboons has been 
somewhat limited.^ " Balner and associates have 
extensive data on the monkey and chimpanzee.^o 
Cohen has recently summarized the status of 
ABO erythrocyte typing in baboons.^^'So 
No naturally occurring isoagglutinins have 
been found in Papio cynocephalus and P. anu- 
bis.15,16,17 However, isoimmunization has been 
used to produce typing reagents. Evidence is 
cited that A^ (P for Papio) and B^ groups de- 
termine four types of baboon blood.^s The 
AP-BP blood group is distributed differently in 
the different species of baboons." Since anti-A^ 
and anti-BP sera contain other as yet undefined 
specificities, further study is necessary. 
A. S. Wiener and J. Moor-Jankowski,i5.i9 
well as others, I*' -" have reported that erythro- 
cytes of baboons are not agglutinated by potent 
human A, B or H reagents. Grouping for human- 
like A-B-0 antigen is done by inhibition tests 
of saliva for presence of blood group substances 
and by tests of sera for anti-A and anti-B 
agglutinins. 
A group of 52 baboons (Papio papio, sub- 
genus P. ursinus) were utilized in renal homo- 
transplantation studies.-^ All animals were B^- 
type in terms of simian (baboon) blood group 
substances. This may not be unexpected, since 
they represented a geographically isolated pop- 
ulation with evidence of many years of inbreed- 
ing. Donor-recipient pairs of animals were 
matched on the basis of human-like A-B-0 
blood groups. Blood grouping studies were ini- 
tially carried out by the laboratory of Wiener 
and Moor-Jankowski ^' and then by Brede and 
associates in South Africa. No immunosup- 
pressive drugs were used. Survival averaged 
26.8 days for compatible renal allografts and 
14.8 days for incompatible allografts with re- 
jection and death of animals. Of special interest 
is a humoral antibody reacting with sheep and 
goat erythrocytes that appeared post-trans- 
plantation. High titers were noted in long sur- 
vival "compatible" allograft recipients. Low 
titers were found in the "incompatible" trans- 
planted recipients. However, we-^ considered 
the antibody similar to that described by Iwa- 
saki, Talmadge and Starzl,^- in post-renal al- 
lografted human recipients. 
In recent studies Cohen 2" has evaluated HLA 
leukocyte distributions in relationship to avail- 
able human antisera. 
In Table V are shown the human-like leuko- 
cyte antigens encountered in highest frequency, 
as determined by tests with human reagent 
antisera. 2° 
Table V. — Human Leukocyte Antigens of Leukocytes of 
Baboon (Cape Chacma) Papio Ursinus — West Cape 
Region — South Africa 
Antigens Arranged in Order of Highest Frequency 
HLA 1 
4c (HLA 5) 
(HLA 8) 7d, 4a (Bll) 
HLA 3 
4b (B6) 
HLA 4 
HLA 2 
4d (HLA 7) 
