G. P. MURPHY 
397 
Table VI. — Human Leukocyte Antigens of Leukocytes 
of Baboon (Ape Chacma) Papio Ursinus — West Cape 
Region — South Africa 
Number of 
Other Animals with 
Nomenclature Antigen Antigen 
Bll „. 4a 10 
B6 - _ 4b 7 
HLA 5 _ 4c 16 
HLA 3 _ LA 3 9 
HLA 4 LA 4 3 
HLA 8 _.. 7d 10 
HLA 1 _ LA 1 23 
HLA 2 LA 2 2 
HLA 7 4d 2 
Mierocytotoxicity test with Trypan Blue (method of Amos) employed. 
Reagent sera from NIH and RPML 
The human-like antigens detected in highest 
frequency were HLA 1, HLA 5 (4c) , HLA 8 (7d) , 
and B 11 (4a). The actual frequencies and the 
number of animals tested is presented in Table 
VI. The results are interesting to compare with 
those observed in chimpanzees and gorillas by 
Dorf and Metzgar.-^ They found HLA-1, 
HLA-3, HLA-7 and HLA-4 of highest fre- 
quencies in chimpanzees and HLA-2, HLA-1, 
HLA-3, HLA-4, and HLA-7 most frequent in 
gorillas. No reactions were obtained with 
HLA-5 and HLA-8 human reagents with chim- 
panzees or gorillas. 
Balner, Van Leeuwen, Dersjant, Vreeswijk 
and Van Rood 2* found human-like leukocyte 
antigens 4a and 4b most frequent in chimpan- 
zees. 
There is a need for family studies and fre- 
quency analyses of baboon and human-like ba- 
boon leukocyte alleles comparable to those em- 
ployed by Balner, Dersjant, Van Leeuwen, and 
Van Rood,25 with rhesus monkeys. They found 
"rhesus" antigens la and lb similar to human 
4a and 4b, respectively, of the Van Rood sys- 
tem. However, "rhesus" antigens la and lb, as 
well as 3-7 were not demonstrable on leukocytes 
of the baboon Papio cynocephalus. 
Cross-absorption tests with human and ba- 
boon leukocytes and with human and baboon 
reagents are indicated and must be pursued 
in the future. 
SUMMARY 
This resume includes pertinent aspects of the 
use of the baboon as a research model, with 
particular reference to kidney transplantation. 
Particular application depends on the specific 
point in question. Serochemical baseline data 
is not adequate at the present time, but can be 
provided if adequate numbers of investigators 
seek use of these animals for related purposes. 
Cost, transportation and availability of num- 
bers are moderate.^'^'^* In a short period, a sur- 
prising amount of data in a specific field has 
been collected by a limited number of investi- 
gators. ^-^'^^-^^ But a few of these examples have 
been cited, and more undoubtedly will become 
available in other fields of research.^^ 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 
I wish to acknowledge my appreciation to 
colleagues who have provided great stimulus to 
research in this area. Dr. W. W. Scott, The 
Johns Hopkins Hospital, Professors A. J. Brink, 
J. J. W. Van Zyl, H. D. Brede, H. W. Weber, 
and J. N. DeKlerk of the University of Stellen- 
bosch Faculty of Medicine, Cape Province, 
South Africa. 
REFERENCES 
1. Van Zyl, J. J. W., DeKlerk, J. N., and Mxjrphy, 
G. P. Baboons in organ transplant research. Special 
Supplement to South African Medical Journal, 17: 
1-105, Aug., 1968. 
2. Van Zyl, J. J. W., Murphy, G. P., and DeKlerk, 
J. N. Baboons in transplantation research at the 
University of Stellenbosch. Lab. Primate News- 
letter, 7:17, 1968. 
3. Groenewald, J. H., Murphy, G. P., Weber, H. W., 
and Brede, H. D. Biological methods of immunosup- 
pression in the baboon. In Infections and Immuno- 
suppression in Subhuman Primates. Eds. H. Balner 
and W. I. B. Beveridge, Scandinavian University 
Press, J. Jorgensen, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 
211-216, 1970. 
4. Murphy, G. P., Botha, M. C., Brede, H. D., Weber, 
H. W., Retief, F. p.. Van Zyl, J. J. W., Van Zyl, 
J. A., and DeKlerk, J. N. Correlation of tissue- 
typing tests in baboon renal allotransplants. J. 
Surg. Res. 9:19-28, 1969. 
5. DeKlerk, J. N., Murphy, G. P., Van Zyl, J. J. W., 
Van Zyl, J. A., Weber, H. W., Brede, H. D., and 
Scott, W. W. New methods of treatment for renal 
allotransplants using the baboon as a primate ex- 
perimental model. J. Urol. 102:532-540, 1969. 
6. Weber, H. W., Brede, H. D., Retief, F. P., Retief, 
C. P., Van Zyl, J. A., Groenwald, J. H., Van Zyl, 
J. J. W., and Murphy, G. P. Morphological and 
functional alterations noted after baboon renal 
allotransplantation. J. Urol. 101:465-476, 1969. 
7. Murphy, G. P., Brede, H. D., Cohen, E., Grace, 
J. T., Jr. The Cape Western baboon in organ alio- 
