412 
SURGERY AND TRANSPLANTATION 
TH 71 CI3 H7 F8 
mmHg 
100. 
300 
hours 
Figure 14.— Arterial pOs and pCQo in a long-surviving calf with an artificial heart. This calf required no respira- 
tory support for eight days. 
artificial heart is inspected while it is still in 
position to see liow well it fits and to determine 
if vessels have been kinked and what correc- 
tions in the shape of the heart, if any, must be 
made. The artificial heart is then removed and 
inspected grossly and the diaphragm cut for 
electronmicroscopy. The abdomen is opened and 
the liver, spleen, kidneys and a section of the 
small intestine are removed for macroscopic 
examination. If ascites is present, a sample is 
taken for analysis and the total volume meas- 
ured. When bacteremia is suspected, tissues 
from all organs are removed as sterile as pos- 
sible for tissue culture. The volume and condi- 
tion of fluid in the urinary bladder is deter- 
mined. After sectioning and gross examination, 
samples of the lung, liver, kidney, spleen and 
brain are sent to a veterinary pathologist (Dr. 
Kent R. Van Kampen, Veterinary Pathology 
Service, 166 East 5900 South, Murray, Utah) 
for microscopic examination and report. 
DURATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN 
LONG-SURVIVING CALVES 
In ten calves with total artificial hearts 
surviving beyond the immediate effect of 
surgery (i.e., calves surviving beyond 40 
hours), the average survival time was 94.1 
hours (range 41.4 to 260 hours). Six calves 
regularly supported themselves with pump- 
ing of the artificial heart by spontaneously 
standing and lying down. The systemic arterial 
blood pressure remained stable at a peak systolic 
pressure of approximately 150 mmHg as il- 
lustrated in a long-surviving calf (Figure 6). 
Venous pressure (Figure 7, F-13) and blood 
volume (Figure 11), however, continually in- 
