414 
SURGERY AND TRANSPLANTATION 
BUN 
CONTROL 
HRS. PUMPING 
Figure 16. — Blood urea nitrogen in a long-surviving calf with a rough surfaced artificial heart. This calf had 
significant blood damage and septicemia at the termination of the experiment. 
their surroundings, at prepared food, drank 
water, produced urine and passed stools. It is 
currently believed that the coagulation system 
is in a state of compensation since the platelet 
count gradually decreases with the time of 
pumping (Figure 10) without evidence of 
hemorrhaging. 
Survival doesn't seem to be limited because 
of catecholamine depletion since measurable 
plasma values have been obtained throughout 
the duration of pumping (Figure 12). 
CONCLUSION 
The development of systematic and stand- 
ardized procedures for preconditioning of 
calves, implantation of the artificial heart and 
postoperative care have been an attempt to 
minimize uncontrollable variables and more 
accurately assess the effects of the artificial 
heart. These effects have resulted in: 1) a 
standardized research calf and a decreased 
probability of having a diseased calf for im- 
plantation of the artificial heart; 2) capability 
of separating the blood damage effects (e.g., 
red cell damage) of cardiopulmonary bypass 
from those of the artificial heart by using deep 
hypothermia; and 3) obtaining calves surviving 
beyond the immediate effects of thoracic sur- 
gery resulting in new problem areas (e.g., high 
inflow pressures) and new design criteria for 
future artificial hearts. 
REFERENCES 
1. Kwan-Gett, C. S., Zwart, H. H. J., Kralios, A. C, 
Kessler, T., Backman, K. and Kolff, W. J. A. 
Prosthetic Heart with Hemispherical Ventricles De- 
signed for Lowered Hemolytic Action. Trans. Amer. 
Soc. Artif. Int. Organs, 16:409-415, 1970. 
2. Kawai, J., Donovan, F., Peters, J., Zwart, H., 
Kessler, T., Eastwood, N. and Kolff, W. J. Phys- 
iological Effects of Artificial Heart in Calves Sur- 
viving up to Ten Days. American Physiological So- 
ciety Meeting, Lawrence, Kansas, Aug. 16-19, 1971, 
and published in The Physiologist, Vol. 14, No. 3, 
p. 170, Aug. 1971. 
3. Kawai, J., Peters, J. L., Donovan, F. M., Jr., 
Zwart, H. H. J., Hershgold, E. J. and Kolff, W. J. 
Successful Use of Deep Hypothermia for Implan- 
tation of the Artificial Heart in Calves. Circulation 
Supplement II, Vol. XLII and XLIV, No. 695, Oct. 
1971. 
