432 
SURGERY AND TRANSPLANTATION 
Table I. — Left Ventricular Hemodynamic and Diameter Changes Treadmill Exercise at 3.5 MPH and 15" for 
Five Minutes 
30 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
1 min. 
5 min. 
\jOJi\,\ Ol 
Sees. 
Mir. 
ivi 1 n . 
IVI 1 n , 
IVlin. 
I\lin. 
After 
HR 
N 
128 (9.8) 
OOF / D O \ 
225 (8.2) 
238 (0.6) 
243 (9.8) 
243 (9) 
250 (6.1) 
248 (6.9) 
161 (9) 
141 (10.6) 
J) 
1 4U ^ 0. 1 / 
iKiC, \X3.0) 
111 [V.O I 
xyo ^D.O/ 
1 f?! I t, A\ 
i i 1 1 0.4 ^ 
SV 
N 
22.1 (1.2) 
23.9 (1.8) 
24.9 (1.9) 
24.8 (2) 
26.2 (2) 
24.7 (2) 
24.6 (2.1) 
21.7 (2.1) 
22.2 (1.3) 
Ol Q / 1 1 \ 
O c Q /I n \ 
zo.y } 
OK Q { 1 R\ 
ZO.o ( i.O J 
OC "7 / 1 Q ^ 
^D, 1 ( l.O^ 
26.1 (1.4) 
O 9 O / Q \ 
21.9 (1.1) 
CO 
N 
3.1 (.3) 
5.3 (.5) 
5.7 (.5) 
5.8 (.5) 
5.9 (.6) 
5.9 (.6) 
5.8 (.5) 
3.6 (.5) 
3.3 (.4) 
Lf 
3.1 (.2) 
4.2 (.3) 
4.6 (.d) 
4.9 (.3) 
5.1 (.Z) 
C A / O \ 
O.U \'£-) 
3.9 (.1) 
O.O (.o) 
N 
25.8 (2.1) 
25.3 (2) 
25.6 (1.9) 
25.6 (1.9) 
25.8 (1.8) 
26.7 (1.8) 
25.8 (1.8) 
26.7 (2.2) 
26.6 (1.9) 
Dd 
Lf 
^O.U ( l.D ) 
iio.D (l.() 
on (\ / 1 E \ 
OQ n /I c \ 
^O. ( ( i.D) 
QQ O / 1 tt\ 
LG.Ct (l.O) 
OQ O / 1 K \ 
^o.o ( 1.0) 
28.4 (1.5) 
OO O / 1 c \ 
OT Q f t £i\ 
C t ^ i.D ^ 
LVEDP 
N 
0.5 (1.6) 
2.8 (1.4) 
3.8 (1.8) 
3.8 (1.9) 
4.8 (2.2) 
4.8 (2.2) 
3.5 (1.7) 
1.8 (1.2) 
u 
5.2 (1.1) 
5.8 (.8) 
5.5 (1.6) 
o.u (1.0) 
4.Z (I.D) 
3.9 (1.6) 
I.D (.o) 
u.b \ .o ) 
LVP 
N 
159 (9.4) 
189 (8.2) 
197 (.9) 
200 (10.2) 
202 (11.4) 
200 (10.6) 
195 (9.8) 
177 (12.7) 
inn / o o \ 
162 (8.2) 
r\ 
U 
137 (5.4) 
139 (7.2) 
152 (7.8) 
163 (7.5) 
165 (7.6) 
166 (8.1) 
IbiJ (8.4) 
159 ( I ) 
141 (6.3) 
LV 
N 
3280 (313) 
6285 (609) 
6980 (604) 
7390 (680) 
7410 (828) 
7060 (790) 
6800 (806) 
4075 (708) 
3557 (333) 
dp/dt 
D 
2865 (227) 
3630 (412) 
4220 (470) 
5106 (666) 
5104 (694) 
6042 (703) 
4700 (600) 
3956 (490) 
3000 (241) 
Max 
N 
80 (5) 
105 (5.1) 
109 (5.2) 
106 (6) 
109 (8.7) 
113 (9.6) 
113 (8.2) 
83 (7.7) 
74 (4.6) 
-dD/dt 
D 
79 (5.2 
87 (5.9) 
91 (5.4) 
96 (4.7) 
96 (6.6) 
96 (5.4) 
94 (6.3) 
79 (3.6) 
78 (4.6) 
N 
3.9 (.5) 
5.6 (.8) 
5.6 (.7) 
5.6 (.8) 
6.6 (.8) 
6.7 (.9) 
5.7 (.8) 
3.9 (.6) 
3.5 (.5) 
D 
3.4 (.3) 
3.8 (.3) 
4.0 (.2) 
4.2 (.2) 
4.3 (.4) 
4.3 (.3) 
4.3 (.4) 
3.4 (.3) 
3.4 (.3) 
% Sys. 
N 
34.5 (3.7) 
39.8 (4.6) 
38.8 (4.7) 
39.5 (4.9) 
39.3 (4.8) 
38.6 (4.9) 
38.8 (4.6) 
32.3 (3.4) 
34.8 (3.6) 
Short. 
D 
25.1 (1.5) 
29.1 (1.6) 
30.6 (2.1) 
31.3 (2.2) 
31.3 (2.3) 
30.3 (1.8) 
29.7 (1.8) 
24.9 (1.4) 
23.7 (1.4) 
N = Normal; D = Denervated; Numbers in parentheses indicate ± S.E.M; HR = Heart rate (beats/min. ) ; SV = Stroke volume 
(ml/beat); CO = Cardiac output (L/min); = End-diastolic diameter (mm); LVEDP = Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure 
change from control (mm Hg); LVP = LV systolic pressure (mm Hg); LV dp/dt = LV rate of pressure change (mm Hg/sec); Max 
—dD/dt — Maximum rate of diameter shortening during systole (mm/sec); VcF = max —dD/dt divided by instaneous diameter (cirs/ 
see); % sys. short. = Percent decrease in diameter during systole. 
shov^ing a relatively greater stroke change in 
diameter. 
Responses During the First Minute of Exercise 
With the onset of exercise normal animals ex- 
hibited abrupt increases in heart rate, cardiac 
output, peak LV dp/dt, -dD/dt, and Vcf 
which reached nearly maximal levels with 30 
seconds to one minute (P < .05 for all) (Table 
I). Average end-diastolic diameter decreased 
initially (P > .05), and the mean change in 
LVEDP was +0.5 mm Hg (P > .05) at 30 sec- 
onds, followed by a slight rise. Stroke volume 
increased only slightly (P > .05). Percent sys- 
tolic shortening of transverse diameter rose 
from 34.5 to 39.8% (P < .02) . 
In contrast, denervated dogs showed an ini- 
tial increase in end-diastolic left ventricular di- 
ameter (P < .05), associated with a signifi- 
cantly higher increment in LVEDP ( + 5,2mm 
Hg) (P < .05). Stroke volume increased 19 
percent (P < .01), from 21.9 to 25.9 ml/beat. 
Heart rate, peak LV dp/dt, and percent sys- 
tolic diameter shortening showed gradual but 
significant increases above control at 30 seconds 
and one minute (P < .05 for all). Increases in 
systolic - dD/dt and Vcf were of borderline 
significance at 30 seconds, but were significant 
at one minute. Developed LV pressure remained 
near control level at 30 seconds, and thereafter 
showed a gradual rise (P > .05) by one min- 
ute. 
In summary, during the first 30 to 60 seconds 
of exercise, normal dogs showed significantly 
greater increments and absolute values for 
heart rate, cardiac output, developed LV pres- 
sure, LV dp/dt, and maximum systolic — dD/dt 
and Vcf. Increases in percent systolic diameter 
shortening were roughly comparable in the two 
groups, although normal animals exhibited an 
initial decrease in end-diastolic diameter, while 
denervated dogs showed the opposite. Augmen- 
tation of stroke volume was significantly 
greater in the denervated group. 
Two to Five Minutes of Exercise 
After the first minute of running, normal 
dogs showed no further significant changes in 
the parameters analyzed. 
