J. MOOR-JANKOWSKI 
485 
Table I. — Historical Synopsis 
1900 A-B-O Man _ _ _ - (Landsteiner) 
1911 A Chimps (V. Dungern & Hirszfeld) 
1925 A-B-O Apes ._ (Landsteiner & Miller) 
A-B-0 Indication in monkeys _ (Landsteiner & Miller) 
1937-1938 A-B-O Monkey secretions _ _ _ _ (Wiener) 
M-N Chimps & monkeys ._ (Wiener & Landsteiner) 
Rhesus factor — _ Man (Landsteiner & Wiener) 
1940-1960 A few studies on limited number of simians _ (Various investigators) 
1,063-1966 _ A-B-O, M-N, Rh-Hr.. Numerous simian species _ (Wiener & Moor-Jankowski) 
1965-1972 Simian blood types.... Chimps, gibbons, baboons, cynopithecus n., macaques (Moor-Jankowski & Wiener) 
1971 Rhesus _ _ (Stone et al.) 
Table II. — Comparison of the A-B-O Blood Groups in Man and Apes 
Arranged in Order of Similarity to Man 
Species Blood groups present Subgroups of A 
Man O, A, B, AB Ai, As, etc. Racial differences in distribution 
Gibbon ^ _ A, B, AB _ Ai, A2 like man Racial differences in distribution 
Dwarf chimpanzee _ A Ai, like man _ Racial differences in distribution 
Chimpanzee _ O, A Ai.j 
Orangutan A, B, AB All Ai-like 
Gorilla 
Mountain A Undetermined Red cells lack A, B and H 
Lowland B Grouping by saliva only 
Table III. — Human-Type A-B-O Blood Groups in Anthropoid Apes 
Species 
Blood group distribution in animals tested 
A B AB Totals 
Chimpanzees 
Pan troglodytes ASW & M-J 37 251 0 0 288 
Other authors _ 23 135 0 0 158 
Pan paniscus Other authors 1 5 0 0 6 
Other authors 2 15 0 0 17 
Gibbons 
Hylobates lar _ 
ASW 
& 
M-J 
0 
10 
24 
22 
66 
Other 
authors 
0 
2 
10 
2 
14 
Hylobates hoolock 
ASW 
& 
M-J 
0 
1 
0 
0 
1 
Siamangs 
Symphalangus brachytanites 
ASW 
& 
M-J 
0 
0 
2 
0 
2 
Orangutans 
Pongo pygmaeus 
ASW 
& 
M-J 
0 
22 
1 
3 
26 
Other 
authors 
0 
12 
11 
11 
34 
Gorillas 
Gorilla gorilla gorilla 
ASW 
& 
M-J 
0 
0 
14 
0 
14 
Other 
authors . 
0 
0 
9 
0 
9 
Gorilla gorilla berengei 
Other 
au 
thors 
0 
2 
0 
0 
2 
of the American Society of Clinical Patholo- 
gists, the effect of A-B-O bloo(3 group incom- 
patibility on the survival of renal transplants 
in man vs^as (Jiscussed. It was found that when 
donors of an incompatible blood group were 
used, the grafts did poorly in comparison to 
A-B-O compatible grafts. Thus, the life span 
of patients who received the blood group in- 
compatible grafts was shortened. The point is 
that this kind of human experimentation has 
been obviated because analogous experiments 
can and should be carried out in nonhuman 
primates. 
(2) Six years after our report on baboon 
blood groups,^ -* Hume et al used blood group 
compatible baboons for cross-circulation with 
patients in hepatic coma. This treatment has 
since been used by a number of workers who in 
several cases succeeded in sustaining their pa- 
tients. However, the procedure used was discour- 
agingly complicated, time consuming and expen- 
sive, because the animals, prior to receiving 
