490 
HEMATOLOGY 
Table I. — Blood Coagulation Values of Sheep 
Ovine blood 
No. of 
Minimal- 
Control 
Tests 
obser- 
Average 
maximum 
Standard 
( human 
vations 
values 
deviation 
blood) 
Whole blood clotting time in glass (min.) 
18 
9.7 
5.0-15.0 
3.0 
5-12 
Whole blood clotting time in plastic (min.) 
15 
31.4 
5.0-57.0 
17.0 
20-50 
Whole blood lysis time — 
23 
None observed 
— 
— 
0-20% 
in 24 hours 
in 24 hours 
Activated partial thromboplastin time* (% of control) 
18 
117.4 
67.3-162.0 
21.9 
100 
Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds) 
18 
31.9 
20.0-52.0 
9.6 
28-44 
Prothrombin time* (% of control) 
18 
96.7 
80.1-122.4 
12.4 
100 
Prothrombin time (seconds) 
18 
14.7 
12.5-16.6 
1.2 
13-16 
Thrombin time* (% of control) 
16 
108.3 
85.5-136.5 
17.5 
100 
Factor II** (% of control) 
10 
21.4 
10.5-40.0 
10.6 
60-140 
Factor V** (% of control) .. .— . 
— . . 10 
416.8 
160-800 
227.4 
60-140 
Factor VII & X** (% of control) 
10 
60.6 
16.5-100.0 
33.5 
60-140 
Factor VIII** (% of control) 
10 
809.0 
440.0-1650.0 
408.2 
50-200 
Factor IX** (% of control) 
10 
210.7 
82.0-360.0 
90.6 
60-140 
Factor X** (% of control) 
.... 10 
31.8 
13.5-72.0 
20.1 
60-140 
Factor XI** (% of control) 
10 
36.5 
7.6-80.0 
26.4 
60-140 
Platelet count (per cmm.) 
19 
457,300 
260,000-740,000 
120,700 
200,000-400,000 
Platelet Adhesiveness (% adhered) 
.... 13 
79.9 
58.3-96.9 
13.6 
18-60 
Fibrinogen level (mg./lOO ml) 
22 
291.7 
132-456 
80.8 
200-400 
Plasminogen level (units/ml.) 
.. 10 
85.6 
59.0-95.0 
11.9 
2,000-4,000 
Antiplasmin level (units/ml.) ._ .. 
12 
158.3 
120.0-200.0 
20.8 
80-150 
Euglobulin lysis time (hours) 
More than 24 hours — 8 sheep 
12- 
24 hours — 5 sheep 
6- 
12 hours — 5 sheep 
* Percent Value — compared with normal human plasma; control /sample X 100 = % 
** Value calculated from a dilution curve of normal human plasma 
From Cajewski and Povar 
hered. These results and the high platelet count 
most likely represent an active hemostatic sys- 
tem. 
Plasminogen level in sheep blood ranged from 
59.0 to 95.0 units per ml compared to 2,000 to 
4,000 units per ml in human blood. This signifi- 
cantly lower plasminogen level in sheep is in 
line with the markedly prolonged euglobulin 
lysis time, to be described later, indicating a 
very low fibrinolytic activity. 
Sheep plasminogen, like bovine plasminogen, 
cannot be suitably activated with streptokinase 
alone. It was found that the addition of a trace 
amount of human plasma containing a "proacti- 
vator" was sufficient to develop a measurable 
plasmin activity and thus allowed titration of 
the plasminogen level. Activation was possible 
only at plasma concentrations ten times as 
great as that for human plasma. The results 
could conceivably have been affected by in- 
creased antiplasmin levels. However, further di- 
lution of the sheep plasma did not increase 
released plasmin activity as in the case when an- 
tiplasmin is responsible for low lytic activity. The 
antiplasmin level was titrated and it confirmed 
this conclusion. This indicates that it was the 
low level of plasminogen that demanded such a 
high concentration of plasma. It should be 
stressed that the activation was possible only in 
plasma concentrations ten times greater than in 
human control samples and thus the results rep- 
resent only approximate values. 
Euglobulin lysis time in sheep was markedly 
prolonged as indicated above. 
Number of sheep Lysis time 
8 over 24 hours 
5 12-24 hours 
5 6-12 hours 
These results again pointed to the low fibrinoly- 
tic activity of sheep blood. 
The change of the whole blood clotting time 
in glass measured after a sheep received an in- 
travenous injection of heparin in doses of 1 and 
2 mg/kg of body weight is shown in Figure 1. 
After an injection of 1 mg/kg, clotting time re- 
turned to normal within 4V2 to 5 hours, while a 
2 mg/kg injection resulted in a delay of 5V2 to 6 
hours before normalization of clotting time. The 
results resemble that of man whose metabolism 
