R. SHEPARD, E. MCGOWAN, J. SCOTT, H. BAKER, D. BOWEN AND K. PRUITT 
587 
cc of pH 7.4 balanced electrolyte solution, 360 
cc of 1.4% sodium bicarbonate, 36,000 units of 
heparin, and 2,000 cc of cow plasma were put in 
the system. Oxygen and carbon dioxide for the 
oxygenator were filtered through a 0.22ju. 
Millipore filter. Initial gas flow through the oxy- 
genator was 5 L/min; initial added carbon 
dioxide flow was 100 cc/min. One-hundred and 
thirty-two discs were in the oxygenator. They 
were rotated at 100 RPM. The discs had been 
siliconized prior to autoclaving and assembly of 
the oxygenator. Carbon dioxide flow into the 
oxygenator was adjusted to maintain the 
plasma pH at 7.4. Plasma carbon dioxide ten- 
sion and oxygen tension were measured 3 or 
more times during each procedure. The roller 
pump was run to circulate the plasma solution 
through the oxygenator at 1900 ±: 250* cc per 
minute. Sterile technique was used throughout 
the twenty-hour circulation period. 
For one bovine plasma procedure, the poly- 
oxyethylene-polyoxypropylene compound Plu- 
ronic F-68** in flake form was weighed, auto- 
claved, dissolved in distilled water in a 
concentration of 3.33 gm.%, and was added to 
the fluid in the pump-oxygenator to produce 
a concentration of 0.6 mg. of Pluronic F-68 
per cc of total system volume. In other proce- 
dures, nitrogen was used instead of oxygen 
once, and room air instead of oxygen on another 
occasion. Pluronic was not used in either of 
these procedures. 
In three additional procedures, human plasma 
was used in place of cow plasma, once with the 
disc oxygenator, once with a bubble oxygenator 
with a filter*** and once with the disc oxygena- 
tor with Pluronic solution added. Human plasma 
from which the fibrinogen and gamma globulin 
had been removed! was used once. In those pro- 
cedures involving human plasma, the solution 
volumes were half those specified for the bovine 
plasma procedures, and a pediatric-size oxygen- 
ator was used. 
* Mean ± standard deviation. 
** Furnished initially by the Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation, 
Wyandotte, Michigan, and later by Cutter Laboratories. Berkeley, 
California. 
**♦ Furnished by Bentley Laboratories, Inc. 
t Cutter Plasmanate, furnished by the Birmingham Regional Red 
Cross Blood Center. 
Table V. — Results of Oxygenator Circulation 
Plasma 
Particulate 
Results after 20 hours 
Bacterial 
Tur- 
Matter in 
circulation 
v.'Ui lu reb 
bidity 
Rnbhlp Trnn 
Bovine plasma and disc oxygenator 
With air 
Negative 
++ 
+ + 
With nitrogen 
Negative 
+++ 
+ +++** 
With oxygen 
Negative 
+++ 
+ + + + •* 
With oxygen and Pluronic 
Positive 
+ 
— 
Human plasma and disc oxygenator 
With oxygen 
Not done 
++ 
+ + + 
With oxygen and Pluronic 
Negative 
+ 
Human plasma with gamma- 
globulin and fibrinogen 
removed; disc oxygenator 
Positive 
+ 
Human plasma and bubble 
oxygenator with blood filter 
Positive 
+ 
•Drawn after plasma had been in oxygenator 20 hours. 
♦♦An inch and a half of precipitate was present over half the 
diameter of the bubble trap. 
Results, Study 3 
Gross amounts of particulate matter were 
found to have settled in the bubble trap in all 
instances except when (1) human plasma free 
of gamma globulin and fibrinogen had been 
used, (2) human or bovine plasma with Plu- 
ronic F-68 had been used, or (3) the bubble 
oxygenator with its filter had been used (Table 
V), In the bubble oxygenator, much particulate 
matter was found in the filter. 
Plasma pH during these procedures was 7.41 
±: .16 (n = 30), and the carbon dioxide tension 
was 37 ± 17 mm Hg (n = 31). When nitrogen 
was used instead of oxygen, plasma oxygen 
tension was 53 ± 17 mm Hg. When air was 
used, oxygen tension was 133 ± 4 mm Hg. Oxy- 
gen tension in the plasma in those procedures 
using oxygen was 539 ± 21 mm Hg. 
Using fluorescence of ANS as an indicator, 
albumin was found present in the particulate 
matter removed from the bubble trap. 
STUDY 4 
Methods, Study 4 
The purpose was to compare lethal elTects in 
calves of plasma oxygenated 20 hours with and 
without Pluronic F-68 being present during 
the period of oxygenation. 
For each of 16 procedures, 4,000 cc of blood 
were drawn from a pregnant donor cow which 
had been cross matched with an approximately 
70 kg calf. The blood was separated into cells 
and plasma as described for Study 3. The plasma 
