R. SHEPARD, E. MCGOWAN, J. SCOTT, H. BAKER, D. BOWEN AND K. PRUITT 
589 
Pluronic group and 1 ± 4 mm Hg in the Plu- 
ronic group. 
Eight minutes after beginning partial bypass, 
systolic pressure in the non-Pluronic group was 
94 ± 14, while in the Pluronic group it was 70 
± 10. Diastolic pressures were then 73 ± 12 
and 47 ± 11, respectively, and right atrial 
pressures were 3 ± 5 mm Hg in both groups. 
Systolic pressure was returned to 90 mm Hg 
or above by blood infusion from the pump, with 
guidelines as described above, when it decreased 
during these episodes. 
When bypass was stopped, two calves of the 
Pluronic group sustained systolic pressure 
drops to 60 and 55 mm Hg, while right atrial 
pressure increased. This depression in ventric- 
ular function was definite, but transient as 
judged by duration of need for epinephrine in- 
fusion. Pulmonary edema was present in one 
of these animals. 
Immediately following operation, while the 
calves were being ventilated with an oxygen- 
driven Bird respirator, arterial blood gas oxy- 
gen tensions were 194 ± 115 in the non-Pluronic 
group and 181 ± 92 mm Hg in the Pluronic 
group. Carbon dioxide tensions were 30 ± 3 
and 32 ± 8 mm Hg, and pH values were 7.48 
± .01 and 7.45 ± .18, respectively. 
Five of the 8 non-Pluronic group of calves 
died within 24 hours. They failed to regain 
consciousness fully and initially had convulsive 
movements of the extremities. The 3 animals 
which survived longer than 24 hours showed ex- 
tension of the neck and legs consistent with 
decerebrate rigidity. 
All of the 8 calves in the Pluronic group and 
both control animals were free of any gross 
evidence of neurologic damage, and all were 
long term survivors. 
Bacterial culture results are shown in Tables 
VI and VII. These are interpreted as showing 
no bacterial influence on the results reported. 
STUDIES 5 AND 6 
The purpose of Study 5 was to describe, in 
quantitative terms, the energy characteristics 
of pulsatile blood flow in a variety of surgical 
and pathophysiologic situations.^ It was found 
that pulsatile blood flow varies markedly in its 
pulsatile energy characteristics, according to 
the physiologic situation, but that it normally 
carries more hemodynamic energy per cc of 
blood passing through a given arterial cross- 
section than does non-pulsatile flow with the 
same mean pressure. This diflference can be ex- 
pressed as the difference between an energy 
equivalent pressure and mean arterial blood 
pressure in mm Hg, or it can be expressed di- 
rectly as an energy difference between pulsatile 
and non-pulsatile flow in the ergs/cc of blood 
flowing through the artery. Accurate phasic 
flow and pressure data are necessary for 
the computation. In dogs undergoing cardio- 
Numerical Code for Type of Contamination: 
1. Grossly contaminated — not identified 
2. Contaminated — not identified 
3. Micrococcus sp. 
4. Pseudomonas sp. 
5. Gaffkya sp. 
6. Diptheroid 
Blank spaces indicate negative cultures. 
Donor whole blood 
Plasma from collection bag 
Plasma and prime mixed 
Reconstituted blood 
Blood from pump after bypass 
Oxygen filter after bypass 
Table VI. — Culture Data 
7. 
Strep viridans 
8. Mold 
9. Proteus sp. 
10. Many different gram(-) rods. Lactose positive 
11. Omitted 
Non-Pluronic Calves 
#1 
#2 
#3 
#8 #9 
#10 
#11 
#15 
3 
11 
11 
5 
10 
11 
6 
3 
11 
11 
11 
Blood from calf after bypass. 
4 
9 
11 
