590 
HEMODYNAMICS 
Table VII. — Culture Data 
Numerical Code for Type of Contamination: 
1. Grossly contaminated — not identified 7. Strep, viridans 
2. Contaminated — not identified 8. Mold 
3. Micrococcus sp. 9. Proteus sp. 
4. Pseudomonas sp. 10. Many different grram(-) rods. Lactose positive 
5. Gaffkya sp. 11. Omitted 
6. Diptheroid 
Blank spaces indicate negative cultures. 
Pluronic Calves 
Donor whole blood 
Plasma from collection bag 
Plasma and prime mixed 
Reconstituted blood 
Blood from pump after bypass . 
Oxygen filter after bypass 
Blood from calf after bypass 
#4 
#5 
#6 
#7 
#12 
#13 
#14 
#16 
8 11 11 
8 11 11 
11 
11 
11 
3 
1 
3 
11 
11 
3 
11 
11 
1 
7 
11 
11 
3 
11 
pulmonary bypass circulation with a roller 
pump, energy equivalent pressure and mean 
pressure in the thoracic aorta during bypass 
were identical within the range of experimental 
error. Before and after bypass, energy equiv- 
alent pressure was greater than mean pressure. 
Study 6 was designed to determine if whole 
body physiologic effects occurred as a result of 
the presence or absence of the pulsatile com- 
ponent of total hemodynamic energy. It was 
carried out in 23 calves subjected to 4 hours of 
total cardiopulmonary bypass at 2.1 L/min/M^. 
Ten animals were perfused with pulsatile flow 
designed to have normal pulsatile energy char- 
acteristics. This was introduced, to avoid losses 
in the pulsatile component of total hemodynamic 
energy, through a large graft sewn on the side 
of the aorta. In these calves, the pulsatile energy 
component of total hemodynamic energy was 
10,000 ±: 5,000 ergs/cc during operation prior 
to bypass, 10,600 ± 2,700 ergs/cc during bypass 
and 440 ±: 470 during non-pulsatile bypass 
(p < .001). Oxygen consumption measured at 
hourly intervals in the animals perfused with 
pulsatile flow in this m.anner was 126 ± 18 
cc/min/M2. In 13 calves perfused similarly with 
non-pulsatile flow, oxygen consumption was 
101 ± 17 cc/min/M2. (p < .005). A vent line 
in the left ventricle decompressed the left 
atrium and ventricle in both groups. Bronchial 
artery flow, as judged by volume of left ven- 
tricular vent drainage when the pulmonary 
artery was occluded, was 128 ± 56 cc/min/M^ 
in the pulsatile group and 36 ± 11 cc/min/M^ 
in the non-pulsatile group (p < .01). Catecho- 
lamines were not significantly different between 
groups. All of the non-pulsatile group of 18 
calves and 4 of the pulsatile group of 10 were 
long-term survivors. Post bypass pulmonary 
dysfunction was prominent in the pulsatile 
group. 
These data are interpreted as indicating that 
an increase in oxygen consumption and change 
in regional distribution of blood flow occurred 
when perfusion was properly pulsatile com- 
pared to when it was non-pulsatile. The data are 
also interpreted as probably indicating that in- 
creased perfusion of the bronchial arterial 
system, in the pulsatile group, distributed in- 
creasingly large amounts of denatured plasma 
protein through the bronchial circulation, lead- 
ing to the pulmonary dysfunction observed after 
operation. 
STUDY 7 
The purpose is to use the information de- 
scribed above to accomplish complete cardio- 
pulmonary bypass circulation in calves for 24 
hours with long-term survival. The study is in- 
complete. Using pulsatile flow and a disc oxy- 
genator with Pluronic F-68 added, and other 
techniques as described above, two calves have 
been maintained on complete bypass for 20 
