838 
ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY 
6. Lapin, B. a., and Yakovleva, L. A.: Comparative 
Pathology in Monkeys, pp. 132-176 (C. C. Thomas, 
Springfield, Illinois, 1963). 
7. McNULTY, W. P., and Malinow, M. R.: The Cardio- 
vascular System, in Pathology of Simian Primates, 
ed. R. N. Fiennes, pp. 756-808 (S Karger, Basel, 
Switzerland 1972). 
8. Stout, C, and Bohorquez, F.: Arteriosclerosis and 
other vascular diseases in zoo and laboratory 
animals. These proceedings. 
DISCUSSION 
W. A. Thomas, Albany Medical Center: I'd 
just like to predict that if you do this 50- or 100- 
year study in your primates with monkey chow, 
or any similar low-fat, low cholesterol, high 
carbohydrate diet, you're not going to get much 
disease in the arteries. Similarly, there won't 
be any clinical symptoms. There have been many 
studies of human populations, autopsies and 
otherwise, subsisting for a lifetime on similar 
diets. Out of thousands of autopsies in East 
Africa for example, there have been no strokes 
from arteriosclerosis and no myocardial in- 
farcts. There has been some disease, but no 
clinical symptoms. 
Dr. McNulty: I agree completely. I should 
have stated that it was implicit anyway in this 
50-year study that they must have bacon and 
eggs for breakfast everyday. 
J. Moor-Jankowski, New York University 
Medical Center : I want to make two comments. 
First, Dr. McNulty stated a few times that these 
animals are expensive, that it's worthwhile to 
work with them, but that they are mure expen- 
sive than other animals. We have heard this 
very often. Those of you who will be here at 
the Sunday morning session will hear that in 
New York City today it costs more to keep a 
dog for one year than it costs to keep a monkey. 
This includes the purchase price. The purchase 
price for a carefully bred dog in Europe today 
is equivalent to the price for which we can 
breed an untamed monkey in New York. This 
includes, as you know, very high labor costs. 
So the time is very rapidly approaching that 
monkeys will not be more expensive than other 
standard experimental animals. 
One more comment, speaking of streptococcal 
pharyngitis, it has been induced experimentally 
in the baboon and it occurs spontaneously in 
chimpanzees with antibody levels similar to 
those of man. This is the work by a group from 
Toronto carried out in our laboratory. 
Dr. McNulty : We have no baboons or chim- 
panzees. 
William R. Murphy, University of Minne- 
sota, Minneapolis: We've been worried by the 
presence of a very high infectivity rate with 
mites in the baboons with which we work. 
Sometimes a shipment will be very highly in- 
fested. Other shipments will be completely 
clean, and we have no way of detecting the 
presence of the mite until we actually do the 
experiment. We often have to abort it. Could 
you comment? 
Dr. McNulty: Yes. Our radiologist feels 
that he now, after experience of several years, 
can diagnose moderate to heavy degrees of in- 
festation of mites on chest films. It gives a 
characteristic mottled appearance. He confused 
this earlier with tuberculosis, but he feels now 
that he can distinguish it quite clearly. Other 
than that, I know of no way of diagnosis. 
Sputum examination, if you could get it, is a 
possibility. The larva forms, or young forms, 
have been reported in stools. We have not looked 
for them, however. 
Dr. Murphy : Are you familiar with any way 
of treating them? 
Dr. McNulty: Yes. I've heard of ways of 
treating them with organic phosphate com- 
pounds which, while they do not cure the dis- 
ease, at least prevent its increase and probably 
its spread. This way new born animals may be 
kept from becoming infected. The young in as- 
sociation with groups of their elders can be- 
come infected ; Young monkeys which are kept 
separate do not. There's another problem of 
ever getting them to breed again, too. But this 
is one preventitive treatment — isolation be- 
tween generations. 
Dr. Murphy: Is this disease of any danger 
to the animal handlers? 
Dr. McNulty: We don't think so. Mites in 
the human sputum have been reported from 
Southeast Asia but they appear to be different 
species. I don't know of any clinical disease as- 
sociated with it. It should be borne in mind by 
anyone who is contemplating any cardiovascu- 
