846 
ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY 
Figure 3. — (Z 431) Markhor goat (Capra falconeri). 
Young adult female. Abdominal aorta showing sev- 
eral fibrous plaques near the trifurcation. Sudan IV 
stain. 
migration may produce aneurysms in the thora- 
cic aortas of various animals. Although we did 
not find evidence for parasitism in these cases, 
v^e could not absolutely rule out this possibility. 
Parasitic lesions were present in the aortas of 
several animals, primarily carnivores (Tables 
III-VII). 
Occasional medial lesions were found in 
birds, but nearly all of these appeared to be re- 
lated to adjacent intimal disease. The medial le- 
sions consisted of focal calcification, chondroid 
metaplasia, or accumulations of foam cells 
and/or doubly refractile crystals near the me- 
dio-intimal junction. 
Coronary Artery Lesions 
The epicardial coronary arteries from 84 
mammals and birds were removed, stained with 
Sudan IV and graded for arteriosclerotic in- 
volvement. Fatty streaks and/or fibrous plaques 
were found in 12 (32%) of 38 hoofed mam- 
mals, 5 (29%) of 17 non-human primates, 2 
(20%) of 10 carnivores, none of 8 pinnipeds, 4 
(57%) of 7 birds, and 3 (60%) of 5 exotic 
mammals (Table II). The majority of these le- 
sions were small, involving 5% or less of the in- 
timal surface. In one white-tailed deer 
(Odocoileus virginianus) and one sitatunga 
(Tragelaphus spekei), fibrous plaques covered 
10% and 15% of the intimal surface, respec- 
tively (Table VIII). None of the lesions pro- 
duced significant stenosis and no large my- 
ocardial scars or infarcts were found. 
Microscopically, the fatty streaks consisted of 
slight intimal thickenings which contained Oil 
Red 0 positive droplets. The lipid was usually 
located within smooth muscle cells. In several 
non-human primates, birds and exotic mam- 
mals, typical foam cells were seen. The fibrous 
plaques were composed of longitudinally ori- 
ented smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers, and 
Figure 4. — (Z 464) Ostrich (Struthio camelus). 
Young adult male. Abdominal aorta showing several 
fibrous plaques. Sudan IV stain. 
