856 
ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY 
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Figure 16 — (Z 497) Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). 
Nine-year old female. 
A. Glomerulus showing marked vacuolar and fibril- 
lary thickening of capillary endothelial cells and 
overall enlargement. PAS x 400. 
B. Normal chimpanzee glomerulus (courtesy Dr. 
H. L. Ratcliffe). PAS x 400. (Reproduced with 
permission from Amer. J. Obstet. and Gyn., C. V. 
Mosby, St. Louis). 
Figure 17. — ("Maud") Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). 
Twenty-year old female. Photograph of the heart 
showing marked left ventricular hjrpertrophy. (Re- 
produced with permission from Exp. Molec. Path., 
Academic Press, New York). 
nosis of pre-eclampsia and essential hyperten- 
sion, respectively. Pronounced glomerular capil- 
lary endothelial swelling was seen in a nine 
year old chimpanzee dying during the third 
trimester of her first pregnancy. In the second 
chimpanzee, a 20-year old female, the combina- 
tion of left ventricular cardiac hypertrophy and 
proliferative sclerosis of the small renal arter- 
ies suggested long standing hypertension. Be- 
cause of the absence of other changes known to 
produce hypertension in man and animals, this 
animal was thought to have had essential hy- 
pertension. The study of models such as these 
during life might yield considerable useful 
biomedical information. 
insudation is thought to stimulate smooth mus- 
cle cell proliferation in the early stages of 
human atherosclerosis. It was also interesting 
that mural thrombi were almost never seen. 
Degenerative medial lesions were found in 
hoofed mammals, anteaters, rodents and bears. 
Some of these lesions resembled the medione- 
crosis which occurs in humans, although none 
showed cystic changes. These medial lesions 
produced aneurysms in several animals. 
In addition to the above findings, morphologic 
changes in two chimpanzees suggested a diag- 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
The efforts of Dr. Marshall E. Groover, 
whose imagination and persistence resulted in 
the funding and the initiation of the project are 
gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Groover was the 
principle investigator until his departure from 
the University of Oklahoma Health Center in 
1965. Dr. Clarke Stout then assumed project re- 
sponsibility. The generous financial assistance 
of the Oklahoma Zoological Society and the in- 
terest and cooperation of Dr. Warren Thomas 
and Dr. Philip Ogilvie and their respective 
