I C. STOUT AND 
I number of wild African elephants some years 
j ago. We found a definite correlation between 
the age and the incidence of atherosclerosis. We 
also found a difference between two different 
populations of elephants. Both groups had an 
age-related change, but one population had a 
higher level than the other. So to conclude this 
is normal in wild animals is to also conclude 
that other factors are also involved. 
I The question I would like to ask Dr. Stout re- 
j fers to other studies of zoological material, no- 
I tably Dr. Finlayson's in London, where findings 
show the most severe form of atherosclerosis 
seems to be in wild animals, particularly the 
hoofed type of horse, rather than in the non-hu- 
man primates, which are closest to man. Do 
your studies confirm this theory? 
Dr. Stout: Our advanced atherosclerotic le- 
sions were much more common in birds. There 
were lots of lesions in the hoofed animals, 
. BOHORQUEZ 859 
but most of them were uncomplicated fibrous 
plaques. Medial degenerative lesions were more 
extensive in hoofed mammals, and these lesions 
often had a secondary intimal component. Pos- 
sibly this is what you are referring to. 
Ann Free, "Washington Evening Star": 
Could I ask a question, please? My name is Ann 
Free. I'm from the "Washington Evening 
Star." Could you tell us something about the ex- 
ercise facilities — the type of caging available in 
the Oklahoma Zoo. Also, do you think the lack 
of muscle tone or built-up tension could have 
had any effect? 
Dr. Stout : Well, Oklahoma is the wide open 
spaces, and the Zoo is about the same, being 
designed so that the animals have quite a bit of 
room in which to move about. However, for the 
reasons cited above, we were unable to cor- 
relate factors such as these with the severity of 
arteriosclerosis. 
