F. A. KALLFELZ, C. L. COMAR, P. H. CRAIG AND A. P. CASARETT 
907 
Table II. — Approximate Dose Rates to Various Sites 
and Surfaces from a 500 mCi "Sr Bremsstrahlung 
Source and a 0.373 ixg '"Cf Source in an Implantation 
Capsule 
Distance to surface 
Site of capsule (cm) mrads/hr 
Internal : 
descending colon 3 1123 
spleen 6 470 
liver 19 60 
(L) iliac plexus B 592 
(R) iliac plexus IB 22B 
cecum 16 194 
(R) kidney 17 194 
Surface: 
(L) flank, over capsule O.B 1532 
(R) flank 16 112 
lower dorsum 15 88 
mid abdomen 7 22B 
anterior testis (front) 15 90 
posterior testis (rear) 18 42 
(L) popliteal space IB 28 
(R) popliteal space 21 36 
(L) eye 67 1.7 
(R) eye 68 2.1 
thyroid 51 27 
(L) costal 24 35 
(R) costal 27 18 
sternum 27 22 
upper dorsum 27 12 
and four blanks consisting- of dogs implanted 
with capsules containing no radiation sources. A 
summary of the four groups implanted to date 
is shown (Table III). At least one more group 
of dogs has yet to be implanted. 
A number of physiological parameters have 
been routinely monitored on all dogs used in 
this study in order to maximize the probability 
of detecting any changes in function which 
might occur as the result of the radiation in- 
volved. Every dog used in the project has been 
Table III. — Total Accumulated Dose From Date of Im- 
plant to February 1, 1972, at 1 cm from Surface of 
Capsule in Labrador Retriever Dogs Implanted with 
Simulated "^Pu Power Sources 
Group # 
Sources 
(X nominal) 
No. of 
Dogs 
Implant 
Year 
Accumulated 
Dose at 1 cm 
from Surface 
(Rads) 
Kill 
Year 
I 
70X 
4 
1969 
37,300 
7 
15X 
4 
1969 
7.450 
7 
Blanks 
4 
1969 
? 
II 
BX 
4 
1970 
1.820 
1972 
IX 
4 
1970 
350 
1972 
Blanks 
4 
1970 
1972 
III 
5X 
4 
1970 
1,365 
1975 
IX 
4 
1970 
260 
1975 
Blanks 
4 
1971 
1975 
rv 
5X 
4 
1971 
680 
1974 
IX 
4 
1971 
130 
1974 
Blanks 
4 
1971 
1974 
submitted to a battery of clinical tests repeat- 
edly before implantation so that a statistical 
evaluation of his normal range can be made. 
The same tests are then run periodically on 
each dog after implantation. Any alterations 
can be compared to the normal values obtained 
in the particular animal before implantation as 
well as to the population normal. A list of the 
routinely monitored parameters with the colony 
normals for each is shown in Table IV. 
When killed, all animals, experimentals and 
controls, are subjected to an extensive postmor- 
tem examination. The examination consists of 
three phases: (a) gross inspection of organs 
and tissues ; (b) histological examination of all 
lesions observed during gross necropsy (in ad- 
dition to specifically radiosensitive organs and 
tissues regardless of gross appearance) ; and 
(c) radiographic examination of the entire 
skeleton. 
RESULTS 
A total of forty-eight dogs have been im- 
planted to date (Table III). Group I dogs were 
implanted in October and November 1969, 
Group II in September and October 1970, Group 
III in December 1970 and January 1971, and 
Group IV in June and July 1971. The antici- 
Table IV. — Physiological Parameters Monitored in Lab- 
rador Retriever Colony 
Parameter 
Normal 
Value 
Units 
S.D. 
Blood studies 
Total WBC 
12863 
per mm' 
1791 
Packed cell volume 
43 
% 
3.3 
Differential WBC 
Bands 
0.2 
% 
0.3 
Segmenters 
62 
% 
6.6 
Lymphocytes 
25 
% 
3.7 
Monocytes 
7 
% 
1.1 
Eosinophils 
6 
% 
4.0 
Serum Electrolytes 
Sodium 
173.7 
meq/L 
10.5 
Potassium 
7.1 
meq/L 
0.8 
Calcium 
11.0 
mg % 
0.6 
Serum Proteins 
Total protein 
6.4 
gms % 
0.6 
A/G ratio 
1.50 
0.26 
Serum Enzymes 
SOOT 
42 
S-P U/ml 
13.5 
SGPT 
46 
S-F U/ml 
18.6 
Serum Lipase 
0.4 
S-T U/ml 
0.2 
Prothrombin Time 
9.8 
seconds 
0.8 
Blood Sugar 
82 
mg % 
9.0 
Blood Urea Nitrogen 
18 
mg % 
2.0 
Serum Creatinine 
0.94 
mg % 
0.17 
Sperm Count 
302,000. 
per mm' 
197,000. 
