W. C. DOLOWY AND L. J. SWANGO 
1031 
fort. You might be able to have, let us say, a 
hematology and chemistry technician, and pos- 
sibly a bacteriology technician supported on a 
recharge basis, but I doubt whether you could 
go further than that. 
S. S. Kalter, Southwest Foundation for Re- 
search and Education, San Antonio: You indi- 
cate a virological program but you didn't discuss 
any virological program. Can you elaborate on 
your virological program? 
Dr. Dolowy : A virologist came to us during 
the second year, and he's been working with us 
for about one and a half to two years. We first 
used his efforts primarily for diagnostic work. 
We've had him attempt to spend most of his 
time on research, and he, for instance, has 
worked up the canary pox outbreak in rather 
detailed studies, which are being published. 
He's also isolated an adenovirus. We've had 
respiratory disease problems with newly pur- 
chased dogs, and he's isolated an adenovirus 
from dogs which not only causes a pneumonitis 
in the dogs but, when transplanted into ham- 
sters, causes tumors which kill the animals. 
This was not too much of a surprise because 
human adenoviruses do the same thing. He's 
now characterizing the pathogenesis of this dis- 
ease in adult dogs, kittens, and dogs of various 
ages. He's going to go into primates with it at a 
subsequent date. He assists in biologic diag- 
noses by collecting blood from mice and sending 
it to Microbiological Associates. He also super- 
vises the distribution of material of this sort, 
but he's primarily conducting investigative 
work. 
J. V. Princiotto, Georgetown University, 
Washington, D.C. : Has any thought been given 
to using this as an adjunct in the training of 
Ph.D. candidates, rotating them through a 
clerkship in order to observe their responses 
to training on this special subfield of veterinary 
medicine which is concerned with disease and 
what's being done in a scientific way to prevent 
problems, or solve problems for animal care- 
taking? 
Dr. Dolowy: We've applied for funds to 
train veterinarians and also to attempt to give 
both an MS and a Ph.D. degree in experimental 
animal medicine. This is the closest that we've 
come to any graduate programs. We don't have 
the funds to hire trainees. Ph.D. candidates 
from other departments do take our courses. 
For instance, in the primate course we have 
eleven people enrolled during this particular 
quarter and so we teach the undergraduate, the 
advanced undergraduate and graduate students. 
Technicians, both at the BS level and some of 
the animal caretakers who do injections in dogs, 
etc., do attend the lectures but they don't take 
them for credit. 
J. L. Wagner, University of North Carolina, 
Chapel Hill : In taking your source material for 
your pathology, microbiology and biology, do 
you make any distinction between manipulated 
animals, animals that have come through re- 
search, or those animals that have been main- 
tained for any period of time but have not been 
manipulated or controlled? Do you make any 
distinction whether or not the animal has been 
manipulated and whether or not your patholo- 
gists or your laboratory has been expending 
time and effort in determining why that animal 
died? 
Dr. Dolowy : The distinction that is made is 
at the time the animal is submitted. The pa- 
thologist who at that time was in charge of the 
laboratory, now the virologist, is the acting di- 
rector. The director is the one who decides 
whether he shall accept the animal. He's not 
obliged to take the animal unless he thinks it's 
appropriate. Now, his charge is to first look at 
animals in which there is some reason to be- 
lieve that a spontaneous disease may have killed 
them. However, if the researcher is in doubt 
whether it was a spontaneous disease or experi- 
mental manipulation, then the director should 
also take the animal. This is part of the charge. 
If it's just a matter of evaluating the animal 
or a series of animals because it is very likely 
that there is a deficit of experimental evidence, 
we're fairly sure occurred due to inadequate 
experimentation, he will generally refuse them. 
He'll take the first few just to reassure himself 
of this fact, of course, but he won't participate 
as a co-worker in most of these cases. It's just 
too time consuming. 
H. P. Schneider, Hahnemann Medical Col- 
lege, Philadelphia, Pa. : Dr. Dolowy, it troubles 
