1070 
ANIMAL RESOURCES 
5. A major research effort is conducted in co- 
operation with a member of the Department of 
Psychiatry on the study of drug addiction and 
particularly addiction to methamphetamine in 
animal models. A model is now in use which 
promises to be valuable in the determination of 
the mechanisms of development of tolerance to 
methamphetamine. 
6. The diagnostic case material is also val- 
uable as a source of research leads or projects. 
An outbreak of Tyzzer's disease lead to a study 
of the ultrastructure of the organism and its 
relationship to infected hepatocytes in the 
mouse. The ubiquitous problem of canine dis- 
temper in the dog conditioning facility pro- 
vided the opportunity to elucidate the ultra- 
structural nature of distemper inclusions in the 
urinary bladder and their relationship to helices 
of ribonucleoprotein. The availability of a well- 
equipped laboratory permits us to take advant- 
age of unexpected spontaneous disease as a 
source for research projects. 
Teaching Activities 
The staff is very active in teaching courses in 
the Departments of Pathology and Radiology 
and to some extent in Pharmacology. At least 
four graduate courses are taught or organized 
by the staff. Staff members also participate by 
lecturing in other graduate courses and in medi- 
cal school undergraduate courses. The staff 
teaches a course, Principles of Comparative Pa- 
thology, which is designed to provide insights 
into the basic mechanisms of disease by a study 
of the comparative reaction of various animal 
species to injury. It covers the problems of 
model selection, transposition of data from spe- 
cies to species, the role of spontaneous disease 
and the problems of base line data. The body 
of the course involves a study of the basic prin- 
ciples of pathology on a comparative basis in- 
cluding circulatory, oncologic inflammatory and 
degenerative disease. A second course is offered 
by the Department of Pharmacology on the 
comparative gross and microscopic changes in 
tissues and organs caused by drugs and toxic 
agents. 
A program of graduate training in compara- 
tive pathology is carried on as a part of the ex- 
perimental pathology training program in the 
Department of Pathology. The training pro- 
vides some basic experience in diagnostic pa- 
thology and the students are required to rotate 
through the necropsy service, the microbiology 
and clinical laboratory as well as to receive 
diagnostic experience at the Lincoln Park Zoo. 
This is designed to provide them with basic 
diagnostic skill in veterinary and comparative 
pathology, but is not specifically designed to 
meet American College of Veterinary Patholo- 
gists requirements without additional expe- 
rience. 
The basic emphasis of the program is on ex- 
perimental pathology with emphasis on com- 
parative pathology and the use or development 
of animal models. Students must meet all of 
the requirements of the Department of Pathol- 
ogy and they are required to take a number of 
courses related to human disease to make the 
training truly comparative. Because of the re- 
search interests of the staff, the research proj- 
ects of the students generally involve a study 
of the cellular and subcellular response to chem- 
icals including carcinogens. As the support 
laboratory matures we plan to offer training 
in a wider area of comparative medicine includ- 
ing radiobiology. 
SUMMARY 
The program at the University of Chicago is 
still evolving and has strengths as well as weak- 
nesses but we feel that it has made a real con- 
tribution to the University and to Medical 
Science in general. The support laboratory ex- 
ists as a service laboratory and for this function 
its director is responsible to the Director of the 
Carlson Animal Facility in the same way that 
a hospital laboratory director is responsible to 
the director of a hospital. The teaching and 
research functions are administered by the var- 
ious academic departments. When a central ani- 
mal facility was developed, it was decided that 
there would be no department of comparative 
medicine or similar administrative structure 
but rather the staff would receive academic ap- 
pointments in the existing departments. They 
then would provide service to the animal facility 
in the same way that the faculty of the various 
