1264 MONITORING 
Table I. — Hemodynamic Data* 
Animal 
LVP 
MRPR 
AP 
HR 
SV 
SI 
CO 
CI 
MER 
SW 
SP 
1 
150/7 
1800 
150/110 
95 
81 
38 
7.7 
3.6 
316 
141 
630 
2 
140/10 
1900 
140/87 
91 
82 
38 
7.5 
3.5 
350 
128 
647 
3 
140/10 
1640 
140/95 
92 
85 
40 
7.8 
3.6 
362 
129 
549 
4 
132/8 
1600 
132/96 
90 
87 
41 
7.8 
3.6 
350 
130 
528 
6 
126/10 
2200 
125/86 
120 
79 
37 
9.5 
4.4 
411 
115 
699 
6 
140/10 
1800 
140/106 
96 
91 
43 
9.6 
4.5 
437 
161 
726 
7 
135/9 
2000 
135/106 
129 
74 
35 
9.5 
4.4 
451 
109 
664 
8 
145/8 
1800 
146/110 
100 
84 
39 
8.4 
3.9 
388 
140 
648 
9 
118/8 
1560 
118/75 
100 
82 
38 
8.2 
3.8 
347 
114 
483 
10 
110/4 
1600 
110/75 
93 
83 
39 
7.7 
3.6 
352 
111 
444 
11 
IB 0/8 
2200 
150/100 
129 
72 
34 
9.3 
4.3 
378 
125 
657 
12 
135/9 
2000 
135/100 
120 
78 
36 
9.4 
4.4 
379 
125 
607 
13 
140/10 
2080 
140/100 
80 
96 
46 
7.7 
3.6 
384 
163 
653 
14 
118/8 
1500 
118/68 
78 
101 
47 
7.9 
3.7 
363 
137 
494 
Mean 
135/9 
1719 
134/94 
101 
84 
40 
8.4 
^.9 
380 
130 
688 
Range 
110/150 
1560-2200 
110-140 
78-129 
72-101 
34-47 
7.5-9.6 
3.5-4.5 
350-451 
109-163 
444-664 
• Data derived from 14 calves in the basal standing state. 
Abbreviations: LVP = left ventricular pressure (peak systolic/end diastolic) in mm Hg: MRPR = maximum rate of pressure rise in mm 
Hg/sec; AP — arterial pressure in mm Hg; HR = heart rate in beats/min; SV = stroke volume in cc; SI =; stroke index in cc/m^; CO = 
cardiac output in liters/min; CI — cardiac index in liters/min/m-; MER = mean ejection rate in cc/sec; SW — stroke work in gram meters; 
and SP = stroke power in gram meters/sec. {J. Surg. Res. XI: 383-389, 1971. Printed by permission of the author.) 
fused over a period of minutes or hours into the 
left main coronary artery. In addition to the 
basic hemodynamic measurements and other 
calculated variables, angiotensin stress re- 
sponses (2.5 mgm/500 cc saline) v^ere also 
evaluated following infarction (Figure 5) . 
Acute coronary occlusion using vascular oc- 
cluders has been evaluated in a number of 
Table II. — Measured Systolic and Diastolic Time 
Intervals* 
Animal 
HR 
QS2 
lvet 
PEP 
Q-Q 
D 
QSa/D 
1 
95 
328 
224 
104 
627 
299 
1.09 
2 
91 
334 
234 
81 
664 
329 
1.01 
3 
92 
348 
235 
113 
656 
308 
1.12 
4 
90 
325 
246 
78 
675 
350 
0.93 
5 
120 
256 
192 
64 
500 
244 
1.05 
6 
96 
300 
208 
92 
617 
317 
0.95 
7 
129 
245 
164 
81 
456 
211 
1.16 
8 
100 
294 
216 
78 
600 
305 
0.96 
9 
100 
315 
236 
79 
595 
280 
1.12 
10 
93 
328 
250 
78 
643 
315 
1.04 
11 
129 
248 
190 
58 
456 
208 
1.19 
12 
120 
282 
206 
75 
496 
214 
1.31 
13 
80 
352 
250 
102 
706 
354 
0.99 
14 
78 
360 
278 
82 
770 
410 
0.83 
Mean 
102 
309 
222 
85 
605 
294 
1.05 
Range 
78-129 
245-360 
164-278 
58-113 
456-770 
211-410 
0.83-1.19 
• Data derived from 14 calves in the basal state. All time periods 
are expressed in milliseconds. 
Abbreviations: HR =: heart rate in beats/min; QS2 = electro- 
mechanical systole; LVET = left ventricular ejection time; PEP = 
preejection period; Q-Q = the Q-Q interval of the eletrocardiogram; 
D = duration of diastole; QS2/D — the rate of systole to diastole. 
(J. Surg. Res. XI: 383, 1971. Printed by permission of the author.) 
experiments. "-^^ An example of the change in 
hemodynamics follovi^ing occlusion is shown in 
Figure 6. Our experience with premature ven- 
tricuar contractions (PVC's, unifocal) and sub- 
sequent ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation 
(VF) following occlusion was similar to observ- 
ations in dogs.^i Generally, the PVC's occur 
within 2 to 15 minutes of occlusion and pro- 
gress rapidly (10 minutes) to VF. Our success 
rate in defibrillating the heart using routine 
cardioresuscitative efforts has been quite low 
(2-5%) and is similar to the experience of 
Donawick. Recently, however, we have been 
able, with the use of massive doses of regular 
insulin (400-1200 units)*** given as a bolus, 
intravenous injection every two to five minutes, 
to not only control or abate PVC's and ventricu- 
lar tachycardia, but to proceed with multiple oc- 
clusions for controllable, more severe levels of 
left ventricular dysfunction. We are presently 
investigating these findings in more detail. 
Circulatory Assist 
Another example of the utility of this prepa- 
ration was the chronic implantation and hemo- 
dynamic assessment of the intra-aortic balloon. 
* Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana. 
** E. R. Squibb & Sons, New York, New York. 
