1292 
THE USE OF ANIMALS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION 
tors do, that these animals are not only our live- 
lihood but our intellectual stimulation in life as 
well. I just can't help feeling that this program 
envisioned by the USDA and by the NIH not 
only regulates, in the sense that they are trying 
to make up for the deficiencies of those people 
who have abused the privilege of dealing with 
animals in the past, but also encourages peo- 
ple throughout the length and breadth of the 
research world to deal with animals according 
to the best possible principles of medicine. I just 
cannot help but feel that investigators across 
the land, particularly in the university centers 
and in animal laboratories who have good con- 
science, conduct their research properly and 
who deal with their animals with dignity are 
by far in the majority. 
Dr. Harmison: I think we would certainly 
underscore the point that research is totally 
dependent on exquisite care, and this is not 
something added on to research efforts. It's 
not an adjunct, it is an integral part of the 
research. As Dr. Conners pointed out, it is the 
policy, intent and desire of the program to re- 
view these matters as they relate to the NIH 
supported efforts being looked at in a broader 
context, by the entire Department of HEW. 
Questioner: (Inaudible) 
Dr. Schwindaman : Yes, the Regulations and 
Standards do apply to all these animals even 
though it's for teaching purposes. The Act it- 
self specified for teaching purposes. 
Questioner: (Inaudible) 
Dr. Schwindaman : No, the Regulations and 
the Standards do not require a quarantine 
period for the animals. This is entirely up to the 
institution itself as to whether they have a 
quarantine period for the animals coming into 
their institution. Now perhaps the holding 
period you're thinking about is the one placed 
upon the dealer in animals where he has to hold 
dogs or cats five days from the time he acquires 
them. This only applies to dogs and cats, by the 
way. 
Anthony V. Seaber, Duke University: I'm 
an Englishman, and I've been through all this 
before in 1950 and 1960. I'd like to remark to 
the press and the receptionist that you must re- 
member we have different lingo. This lingo is 
very important when you report. I'm sure you 
heard a very elegant paper given where fellow 
said he had some heaps of cats in the corner. 
Now, don't go out and think that we just have 
heaps of cats in the corner. This is something 
you must remember when we talk, and you 
come to our meetings; you must remember we 
have lingo that you probably don't understand. 
I did want to bring this point out. In England 
we have this problem. The ASPCA seems to 
have a way of coming up here with momentum. 
In 1952 I was a fox hunter and you almost 
stopped mj- fox hunting because somebody got 
very stupid about it and misinterpreted what 
we were talking about. I think this is a point 
for NIH to make. They should give us guidelines 
and nomenclature so that the public knows what 
we're talking about and so that the press does 
not manipulate our experiments. 
Dr. Harmison: I certainly appreciate your 
point. I think communications is one of the 
major and critical problems. 
Jerome B. Senturia, Cleveland State Univer- 
sity : You said something about any animal that 
had at one time been wild or something. How 
do we interpret those guidelines with regard to 
animal models which are really wild animals? 
Dr. Schwinaman: The question concerned 
animals that are normally found in the wild and 
caught in captivity and are presently in cap- 
tivity or raised in captivity. They're going to be 
covered across the board, even though they're 
used for research purposes. Animals that are 
trapped in the wild, perhaps including rats 
trapped in the wild, although we've not had a 
legal determination on this because of the term 
rats and mice, but definitely other members of 
the rat family that are trapped in the wild and 
used for research purposes will be covered. Your 
woodchucks will be covered. Armadillos will be 
covered. Any animal that is normally found in 
the wild will be covered. Once an animal is desig- 
nated by the Secretary, it's covered across the 
board. That's the reason I've used that term 
several times, "across the board." 
Dr. Senturia : How do we know that the size 
of the cage meets the guidelines, if there are no 
guidelines? 
Dr. Schwindaman : This is a very good point 
and I'm surprised it has not been brought up 
before. You'll notice in our statement of con- 
