Chap. 44.] AlflMALS WHICH HATE TUFTS AKD CEESTS. 
43 
autumn, the gad-fly becoming quite blind^"^ even before it dies, 
riies which have been drowned in water, if they are covered 
with ashes,^ will return to life. 
CHAP. 44. (37.) THE NATUEE AIs^D CHARACTEKISTICS OF ALL 
ANIMALS CONSIDEEED LIMB BY LIMB. THOSE WHICH HAVE 
TUETS AND CEESTS. 
In addition to what is already stated, we will add an ac- 
count of every part of the body of an animal, taken limb by limb. 
All those which have blood, have a head as well. A small 
number of animals, and those only among the birds, have 
tufts of various kinds upon the head. The phoenix^^ has a 
long row of feathers on it, from the middle of which arises 
another row ; peacocks have a hairy tuft, resembling a bushy 
shrub ; the stymphalis^^ has a sort of pointed crest, and the 
pheasant, again, small horns. Added to these, there is the lark, 
a little bird, which, from the appearance of its tuft, was 
formerly called galerita," but has since received the 
Gallic name of alauda,"^^ a name which it has transferred to 
one of our legions. We have already made mention, also, 
of one bird^^ to which I^ature has given a crest, which it can 
fold or unfold at pleasure : the birds of the coot kind^^ have 
also received from her a crest, which takes its rise at the 
beak, and runs along the middle of the head ; while the pie 
of Mars, and the Balearic crane, are furnished with pointed 
tufts. Eut the most remarkable feature of all, is the crest 
which we see attached to the heads of our domestic fowls, 
substantial and indented like a saw ; we cannot, in fact, 
strictly call it flesh, nor can we pronounce it to be cartilage 
or a callosity, but must admit that it is something of a nature 
peculiar to itself. As to the crests of dragons, there is no one 
to be found who ever saw one. 
^7 They only appear to be so, from the peculiar streaks on the eyes. 
Linnaeus has hence called one variety, the Tabanus caecutiens. 
Or with pounded chalk or whitening, ^lianadds, "if they are placed 
in the sun,*' which appears necessary for the full success of the experiment. 
Life appears to he suspended in such cases for a period of surprising length. 
Probably the golden plieasant, as already mentioned. 
^0 Some kind of heron or crane, Cuvier thinks. 
^1 The Alauda cristata of Linn^us, so called from " galera," a pointed 
cap like a helmet. 
62 The fifth legion. xhe hoopoe, B. x. c. 44. 
6* Savigny and Cuvier take this to be the, Ardea virgo of Linnaeus, a 
native of Numidia. 
